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相关概念视频

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
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Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology01:17

Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology

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Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
Gastritis can stem from various causes, each...
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Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents01:29

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Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disorder marked by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. Various treatment strategies for Crohn's disease are employed, such as immunomodulatory agents, glucocorticoids, and biologics or anti-TNF therapy. Azathioprine (Imuran), a commonly used immunomodulatory drug for Crohn's disease, is converted in the body to mercaptopurine, which inhibits purine biosynthesis and cell proliferation. Both are utilized in severe cases of Inflammatory Bowel...
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Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF01:24

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF

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Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), a proinflammatory cytokine, contributes significantly to the inflammation seen in Crohn's disease. It exists as soluble TNF and membrane-bound TNF, with actions mediated through TNF receptors (TNFR). TNFR activation leads to the release of proinflammatory cytokines, T-cell activation, collagen production, and leukocyte migration, all contributing to inflammation in Crohn's disease. Anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies, namely infliximab (Remicade), adalimumab...
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Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular transmission disorder characterized by weakness and increased fatigability of skeletal muscles. It is an autoimmune disease affecting approximately one in 2000 people, where antibodies against the α1 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are produced.
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我们能治愈自身免疫性肝炎吗?

Maria Serena Longhi1, Lina Zhang2, Giorgina Mieli-Vergani3

  • 1Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA.

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概括

自免疫性肝炎 (AIH) 涉及免疫细胞损害肝脏. 恢复调节性T细胞 (Tregs) 可能通过恢复免疫耐受性和减少当前治疗的副作用来治疗.

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科学领域:

  • 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
  • 肝病学 肝病学是一种肝病学.
  • 自免疫性疾病 自免疫性疾病

背景情况:

  • 自身免疫性肝炎 (AIH) 是一种特定器官的自身免疫性疾病,主要影响女性.
  • 在AIH中,肝损伤是由B细胞,T淋巴细胞和巨细胞等免疫细胞的作用引起的.
  • 调节性T细胞 (Tregs) 的功能障碍对免疫耐受性至关重要,允许持续的自身免疫性肝损伤.

研究的目的:

  • 探索调节性T细胞 (Tregs) 在自身免疫性肝炎 (AIH) 发病过程中的作用.
  • 评估当前的治疗局限性,并确定潜在的新疗法策略.
  • 突出基于Treg的免疫治疗AIH和类似自身免疫性疾病的潜力.

主要方法:

  • 对有关AIH病原和治疗的现有文献的综述.
  • 分析免疫细胞子集,特别是Tregs在肝损伤中的作用.
  • 讨论当前和新兴的治疗策略,包括采用Treg转移.

主要成果:

  • 目前的治疗方法,如皮质类固醇和阿扎西奥普林在大多数AIH患者中实现缓解,但无法恢复免疫耐受性,并具有副作用.
  • 第二线和第三线治疗也可以控制炎症,但会带来风险,并不能使患者耐受.
  • 特雷格功能障碍是延续AIH的关键因素,而基于特雷格的策略为免疫耐受性提供了一条道路.

结论:

  • 恢复Treg功能和数量是对自身免疫性肝炎 (AIH) 的有希望的治疗途径.
  • 需要对Treg功能障碍机制进行进一步的研究,才能开发出有效的基于Treg的免疫疗法.
  • 对Treg的恢复可能会导致AIH和其他具有类似机制的自身免疫性疾病的治愈.