重新思考广泛的畜牧放牧,以重振地中海山区的景观
P Errea1, T Lasanta1, J Zabalza-Martínez1
1Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Avenida Montañana 1005, Zaragoza, 50059, Spain.
Journal of environmental management
|July 15, 2025
概括
地中海山区的广泛畜牧放牧是由环境因素和土地管理政策决定的. 了解这些模式对于可持续的山地生态系统和社会经济弹性至关重要.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 农业科学 农业科学
背景情况:
- 广泛的牲畜放牧对于地中海山区的社会经济性和环境效益至关重要.
- 牧场模式受到复杂的地形,环境和人为相互作用的影响,需要优化土地管理.
- 地中海山脉,像伊比利亚系统一样,面临着农业放弃,影响传统的牧场做法.
研究的目的:
- 为了分析伊比利亚系统的时空放牧模式,这是一个代表性的地中海山脉.
- 评估土地利用,土地覆盖,环境变量,公共政策和基础设施对畜牧活动的影响.
- 测试有关放牧分布的驱动因素,丝牧养系统的作用和灌木清除面积利用的假设.
主要方法:
- 利用GPS跟踪来监测牲畜的移动模式.
- 使用空间分析和统计建模来评估影响因素.
- 研究了土地利用,环境变量,公共政策 (共同农业政策 - CAP) 和人类基础设施对牧场的影响.
主要成果:
- 确定了白天和季节性放牧模式,秋冬活动减少.
- 发现81%的牧场在CAP补贴的土地上;绵羊占主导地位,非补贴的野草牧场地区.
- 绵羊喜欢更高的海拔和更的山坡;牛喜欢更高的NDVI地区. 靠近资源 (水,盐,料,棚) 和灌木清除,显著影响了牧场分布.
结论:
- 牧场分布受到环境因素和人类因素 (包括公共政策) 的重大影响.
- 草牧系统起着关键作用,观察到不同的物种偏好 (羊与牛).
- 有针对性的牧场管理战略对于加强地中海山区景观的生态和经济可持续性至关重要.
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