饮用水中采样的替代方法:对两个城市的带服务线和没有带服务线的家庭进行比较研究
Darren A Lytle1, Megan Urbanic2, Alexander Paul3
1U.S. Environmental Protect Agency, Office of Research and Development (ORD), Center for Environmental Solutions & Emergency Response (CESER), Water Infrastructure Division (WID), 26 W. Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA.
The Science of the total environment
|July 15, 2025
概括
选择正确的饮用水采样方法对于准确评估含量和识别服务线 (LSL) 至关重要. 不同的方法显示出明显的差异,特别是在腐蚀控制较差的地区,有助于评估暴露.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 分析化学 分析化学
背景情况:
- 准确量化从服务线和管道释放的,对于公共卫生至关重要.
- 现有各种采样方法,每个都适用于不同的目标,如监管合规或暴露评估.
- 了解采样策略对检测的影响对于有效的水质管理至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较不同样本取水方法的度结果,在有或没有服务线 (LSL) 的家庭中采用不同的水样取水方法.
- 为了在两个美国城市中评估这些方法,这些城市的腐蚀控制策略不同.
- 评估采样方法在识别LSL和量化住宅暴露方面的有效性.
主要方法:
- 多种饮用水采样方法的比较:第一升,第五升,完全冲洗,顺序配置,手工复合,随机白天和被动采样装置.
- 在两个美国城市进行的研究:一个具有有效的腐蚀控制 (酸盐),另一个没有.
- 对度的分析与LSL的存在或不存在以及防腐蚀的有效性有关.
主要成果:
- 在所有采样方法中,无效的腐蚀控制放大了带有和没有LSL的家庭之间的差异.
- 基于暴露的手动复合样本显示LSL家庭的含量是LSL家庭的15倍 (6.9μg/L对比0.45μg/L).
- 第五升采样准确地识别了LSL家庭,准确度为100%;一个被动设备证明了长期暴露评估.
结论:
- 采样方法的选择对检测和LSL识别有重大影响,特别是当腐蚀控制不足时.
- 第五升采样方法和基于暴露的复合采样在区分LSL家庭和评估暴露方面被证明是有效的.
- 一种创新的被动采样装置显示出对评估住宅饮用水中长期暴露的前景.
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