相关实验视频
Updated: Sep 15, 2025

20:16
Detecting Anastasis In Vivo by CaspaseTracker Biosensor
Published on: February 1, 2018
9.4K
英国核设施附近儿童癌症发生率,1995-2016年
Bethan Davies1,2,3, Frédéric B Piel1,2,3, Aina Roca-Barceló2
1UK Small Area Health Statistics Unit (SAHSU), Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London, United Kingdom.
International journal of epidemiology
|July 15, 2025
概括
评估了英国核工厂附近的儿童癌症风险. 该研究没有证据表明,生活在距离核设施25公里范围内的儿童患白血病,非霍奇金淋巴瘤,中枢神经系统或固体瘤的风险增加.
科学领域:
- 环境流行病学环境流行病学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 核安全问题 核安全问题
背景情况:
- 关于核设施附近儿童癌症的历史担忧仍然存在.
- 在Sellafield和Dounreay附近,以前无法解释的白血病和非霍奇金淋巴瘤 (LNHL) 群体促使进一步调查.
- 核设施对周围人口的潜在健康影响仍然是一个公共卫生问题.
研究的目的:
- 评估儿童癌症的风险,包括LNHL,中枢神经系统 (CNS) 瘤和所有固体瘤.
- 为了评估0-14岁儿童的癌症发病率,居住在距离英国核设施25公里范围内.
- 为了确定是否接近核设施与特定儿童癌症的风险增加有关.
主要方法:
- 利用波桑回归模型来估计社区一级预期的癌症病例.
- 与全国人口相比计算的标准化发病率.
- 采用分层的普朗森回归来分析基于核设施距离的癌症风险.
主要成果:
- 在核工厂附近的儿童中,没有证据表明LNHL,中枢神经系统瘤或所有固体瘤的发病率增加.
- 在25公里区域内的分析表明,与设施更接近的儿童癌症风险没有增加.
- 标准化发病率并没有表明核设施周围社区的癌症风险明显上升.
结论:
- 1994年以后的数据表明,在距离英国核设施25公里的范围内,儿童癌症的风险没有增加.
- 在最近的数据中,核工厂附近儿童癌症的高风险已经不再明显.
- 该研究表明,目前英国的核设施与附近社区儿童癌症风险增加无关.
相关概念视频
Cancer Prevention
6.3K
Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
Some...
Some...
6.3K
Nuclear Fission
10.4K
Many heavier elements with smaller binding energies per nucleon can decompose into more stable elements that have intermediate mass numbers and larger binding energies per nucleon—that is, mass numbers and binding energies per nucleon that are closer to the “peak” of the binding energy graph near 56. Sometimes neutrons are also produced. This decomposition of a large nucleus into smaller pieces is called fission. The breaking is rather random with the formation of a large...
10.4K
Biological Effects of Radiation
16.0K
All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they...
16.0K
Nuclear Power
8.3K
Controlled nuclear fission reactions are used to generate electricity. Any nuclear reactor that produces power via the fission of uranium or plutonium by bombardment with neutrons has six components: nuclear fuel consisting of fissionable material, a nuclear moderator, a neutron source, control rods, reactor coolant, and a shield and containment system.
Nuclear Fuels
Nuclear fuel consists of a fissile isotope, such as uranium-235, which must be present in sufficient quantity to provide a...
Nuclear Fuels
Nuclear fuel consists of a fissile isotope, such as uranium-235, which must be present in sufficient quantity to provide a...
8.3K
Radioactivity and Nuclear Equations
22.4K
Nuclear chemistry is the study of reactions that involve changes in nuclear structure. The nucleus of an atom is composed of protons and, except for hydrogen, neutrons. The number of protons in the nucleus is called the atomic number (Z) of the element, and the sum of the number of protons and the number of neutrons is the mass number (A). Atoms with the same atomic number but different mass numbers are isotopes of the same element.
A nuclide of an element has a specific number of protons and...
A nuclide of an element has a specific number of protons and...
22.4K
Nuclear Stability
20.1K
Protons and neutrons, collectively called nucleons, are packed together tightly in a nucleus. With a radius of about 10−15 meters, a nucleus is quite small compared to the radius of the entire atom, which is about 10−10 meters. Nuclei are extremely dense compared to bulk matter, averaging 1.8 × 1014 grams per cubic centimeter. If the earth’s density were equal to the average nuclear density, the earth’s radius would be only about 200 meters.
To hold positively charged protons together...
To hold positively charged protons together...
20.1K

