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在马里纵向队列中,疟疾感染率显著异质

Emily LaVerriere^1,2, Zachary M Johnson^1,2, Meg Shieh^1,2

¹Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.

Nature communications

|July 15, 2025

概括

疟疾感染风险在个体之间有很大差异,独立于年龄,但随着时间的推移,每个人的感染风险都是一致的. 这凸显了在疟疾控制战略中需要考虑个体暴露和免疫力.

科学领域:

传染性疾病传染性疾病
免疫学免疫学免疫学
遗传学是一个遗传学.
流行病学流行病学

背景情况:

了解疟疾感染风险的个体变化对于有效的疾病控制至关重要.
疟疾风险受到病原体暴露和宿主免疫力之间的复杂相互作用的影响.
之前的研究还没有完全阐明了随着时间的推移在个人层面上疟疾感染的动态.

研究的目的:

通过详细的基因型分析,在马里队伍中描述疟疾感染动态.
测量感染的分子力 (molFOI) 并评估其在个人和季节的变化.
确定与不同感染风险相关的因素,包括宿主遗传和免疫反应.

主要方法:

从6年来收集的13,000多个血液样本中,对Plasmodium falciparum DNA的基因型分析.
从464名参与者 (3个月至25岁) 的安普利康测序数据的纵向分析.
测量分子感染力 (molFOI) 以量化寄生虫获取率.

主要成果:

观察到molFOI的广泛个体间变化 (2011年0-55岁),独立于年龄.
个体感染率在多个传播季节中是一致的,尽管几乎普遍使用床网.
HbS等位基和特定抗体反应 (CSP C-term,RH5) 与较低的molFOI相关,表明潜在的免疫相关保护.

结论:

对传染性蚊子的异质暴露是疟疾感染风险显著个体间变化的最可能驱动因素.
感染率的个体内一致性表明了稳定的暴露或免疫特征.
调查结果强调了在设计和实施疟疾干预和临床试验时考虑个人层面的动态的重要性.

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