推进社会阶级心理学,在四个国家进行大规模复制
Anatolia Batruch1, Nicolas Sommet2, Frédérique Autin3
1LIVES Centre, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. anatolia.batruch@unil.ch.
Nature human behaviour
|July 15, 2025
概括
复制35项研究的大型,多样化的样本发现社会阶级显著影响思想和行为. 大约有一半的效应被复制,社会阶级识别和信仰调节了研究结果.
科学领域:
- 社会心理学 社会心理学
- 社会学 社会学 社会学
- 行为经济学是一种行为经济学.
背景情况:
- 社会阶级对认知和行为的影响存在理论模型.
- 以前的研究经常使用小的,不多样化的样本和各种测量方法,质疑模型的有效性.
研究的目的:
- 严格测试现有的社会阶级影响的理论模型.
- 检查社会阶级效应在各种样本和环境中的可复制性和通用性.
主要方法:
- 预先注册的复制来自17个相关研究和5个实验研究的35个假设.
- 大规模数据收集 (N=33,536) 使用来自美国,法国,瑞士和印度的配额或概率样本.
- 分析效应复制率,社会阶级运作中的一致性以及个人和上下文因素的适度.
主要成果:
- 大约50%的测试效应被成功复制.
- 复制成功因假设而异,有关上下文约束,不确定性和状态的假设得到了更好的支持.
- 虽然客观的措施 (收入,教育) 产生了更小的效果大小,但在不同的社会阶级测量方法中,效应通常是一致的.
- 一半的复制效应是通过社会阶级认同,制度正当化信念或当地收入不平等来调节,往往加强的.
结论:
- 现有的社会阶级影响模式需要重新评估.
- 专注于自我导向与其他/环境导向的假设得到了较少的支持,这表明更高的社会阶层可能都朝着这两方面倾向.
- 研究结果强调了大规模多样化的样本和预先注册的复制对于社会科学中强有力的科学结论的重要性.
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