牙冠的碎形维度:一种创新的方法来估计毒牙的年龄
Donato Costamagna1,2,3, Guillermo Cassini3,4,5, Vanina Cabral6
1Laboratorio de Paleontología de Vertebrados, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Transferencia Tecnológica a la Producción (CICyTTP, CONICET-Gob. ER-UADER), Diamante, Argentina.
概括
已灭绝的毒动物的乳峰复杂性 (ECC) 随着年龄的增长而下降,年轻个体的复杂性比成年人高. 这些发现有助于区分这些南美类动物的发育阶段.
科学领域:
- 古生物学的古生物学.
- 脊椎动物古生物学 脊椎动物古生物学
- 功能性形态学 功能性形态学
背景情况:
- 托克索顿是已灭绝的南美类动物,在古生物学中得到了广泛的研究.
- 乳峰复杂性 (ECC) 和牙表面积 (OTA) 是理解毒虫进化的关键特征.
- 以前的研究还没有评估这些特征跨越不同的本体遗传阶段 (青少年,未成年人,成年人).
研究的目的:
- 分析牙牙的牙面积 (OTA) 和牙牙面积 (ECC) 的复杂性.
- 为了确定ECC和OTA是否能区分青少年和成年个体.
- 为了比较三种Toxodontidae中的这些特征:Adinotherium ovinum,Nesodon imbricatus和Toxodon platensis.
主要方法:
- 标准化主要轴回归被用来分析化石毒素牙的牙 (p2-m3) 中的ECC和OTA.
- 第一个 (m1) 的口表面牙面积作为年龄的代理.
- 克鲁斯卡尔-瓦利斯试验比较了成年人和年轻人,重点关注第三牙 (m3) 尚未完全爆发的牙.
主要成果:
- 在所有分析的牙中,乳峰复杂性 (ECC) 随着年龄的增长而显著下降.
- 与成年人相比,年轻的毒素牙体表现出更高的ECC值,特别是在前和上.
- 从Adinotherium ovinum (最高) 到Nesodon imbricatus (中等) 到Toxodon platensis (最低) 观察到ECC的下降趋势,其中分歧最明显的是在m1-m3.3的牙中.
- 在成年人中,由于磨损和更大的牙大小,牙口腔表面面积 (OTA) 增加.
结论:
- ECC和OTA是有效的衡量标准,用于区分成年和不成熟的毒素牙.
- 在本体发生过程中观察到的ECC下降可能是由于牙冠简化和牙磨损的磨损性食物颗粒.
- 成年毒素牙显示出增加的OTA,反映出磨损和与年轻人相比更大的牙.
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