推进基因组基准医学:对罕见遗传疾病的机器学习应用进行审查
Syed Raza Abbas1, Zeeshan Abbas1,2, Arifa Zahir3
1Department of Precision Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
Briefings in bioinformatics
|July 16, 2025
概括
机器学习 (ML) 推进了对罕见遗传疾病的基因组精准医学 (GBPM). 机器学习有助于诊断,治疗和风险评估,推动个性化医疗保健的变革性解决方案.
科学领域:
- 基因组学和生物信息学
- 计算生物学 计算生物学
- 医学遗传学 医学遗传学
背景情况:
- 精准医学利用个体遗传信息进行量身定制的治疗,特别是在罕见的遗传疾病中.
- 基于基因组的精准医学 (GBPM) 集成基因组数据,用于增强诊断,个性化治疗和风险分层.
- 机器学习 (ML) 为分析复杂,高维基因组数据集提供了强大的工具.
研究的目的:
- 审查和分析机器学习 (ML) 在基因组准确医学 (GBPM) 中的应用.
- 突出ML在疾病分类,治疗优化和罕见遗传疾病生物标志物发现中的作用.
- 讨论目前的挑战和未来的方向在ML为罕见的遗传疾病.
主要方法:
- 对GBPM中ML应用的当前文献的审查.
- 分析ML技术,包括深度学习和基因组数据处理组合方法.
- 讨论挑战 (例如,数据稀缺性,计算复杂性,伦理) 和进步 (例如,混合模型,实时分析).
主要成果:
- ML显著增强了GBPM,使得准确的诊断,定制的治疗,和精确的风险评估为罕见的遗传疾病.
- 机器学习工具有助于在复杂的基因组数据中发现新的见解和生物标志物.
- 机器学习的进步,包括混合模型和实时分析,正在解决关键挑战.
结论:
- 机器学习对于在罕见的遗传疾病中推进精准医学至关重要,它提供了变革性的潜力.
- 解决数据稀缺,伦理问题和计算复杂性等挑战对于进一步的进步至关重要.
- 未来的方向包括开发可解释的ML模型,增强数据共享和促进全球合作.
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