病理完整反应和直肠癌的存活率:系统性审查和元分析
Kavin Sugumar1, Jessica Jin Lie2, Chee-Chee Stucky3
1Department of Surgery, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana.
JAMA network open
|July 16, 2025
概括
在直肠癌试验中,病理完整反应 (pCR) 与生存结果无关. 这一元分析表明,在消化道瘤学研究中,使用pCR作为总体存活率和无病存活率的替代终点时,应谨慎.
科学领域:
- 胃肠道瘤学 胃肠道瘤学
- 临床试验方法论 临床试验方法论
- 生物统计学 生物统计学
背景情况:
- 病理完整反应 (pCR) 越来越多地被用作胃肠瘤学随机临床试验 (RCT) 的替代终点.
- 美国食品和药物管理局已经批准了这种方法,但其作为生存预测指标的有效性仍在调查中.
- 这项研究解决了进一步验证pCR在直肠癌中替代品地位的需要.
研究的目的:
- 在试验水平上评估病理完整反应 (pCR) 和生存结果 (总生存率和无疾病生存率) 之间的关联.
- 分析随机临床试验 (RCT) 的数据,调查直肠癌的新辅助疗法.
- 确定pCR是否可以可靠地预测该患者群体的生存率.
主要方法:
- 通过PubMed,EMBASE和Cochrane数据库确定RCT的系统审查和元分析,直到2024年1月.
- 纳入标准侧重于使用新辅助疗法,手术切除的直肠癌RCT,以及关于pCR,总生存率 (OS) 和无病生存率 (DFS) 的报告数据.
- 使用权重线性回归来评估pCR和生存指标之间的相关性,评估偏差风险和证据确定性.
主要成果:
- 包含 11,882 名患者的 25 个 RCT 被纳入了元分析.
- 在pCR和整体存活率 (OS) 之间没有发现试验级别的显著相关性 (β = 0.37;P = .57).
- 同样,pCR与无病存活率 (DFS) (β = -0.84;P = .32) 没有相关性,即使在排除高风险研究的敏感性分析之后.
结论:
- 这次系统性审查和元分析发现,在接受新辅助疗法治疗的直肠癌患者中,病理完整反应 (pCR) 和存活率之间没有试验级的关联.
- 在这种情况下,这些发现挑战了 pCR 作为生存的替代终点的既定使用.
- 在直肠癌临床试验中,临床医生和研究人员应在解释和应用pCR作为生存结果的替代品时更加谨慎.
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