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美国儿童和青少年中极度严重肥胖和代谢功能障碍的患病率
Eliane Münte1, Xinlian Zhang2, Amit Khurana1
1Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla.
JAMA network open
|July 16, 2025
概括
极度严重的儿科肥胖症显著增加,特别是在老年青少年和黑人青年中. 这种严重的肥胖与严重的健康问题有关,例如与代谢功能障碍相关的脂肪性肝病和糖尿病.
科学领域:
- 儿科内分泌学 儿科内分泌学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 代谢疾病 代谢疾病
背景情况:
- 儿童肥胖与严重的健康问题有关,包括代谢功能障碍相关的脂肪性肝病 (MASLD),2型糖尿病,脂质失调和高血压.
- 关于儿童和青少年极度严重肥胖的患病率及其相关的健康并发症的数据有限.
研究的目的:
- 分析随着时间的推移,儿童肥胖患病率的趋势.
- 调查肥胖程度与儿科患者群体共患病的存在之间的关联.
主要方法:
- 利用来自2008年至2023年间美国国家健康和营养检查调查 (NHANES) 的2-18岁儿科参与者的全国代表性美国样本的数据.
- 根据身体质量指数 (BMI) 的百分点,将儿童肥胖症分为传统的1-3类和极度严重的4-5类.
- 分析了按性别,年龄和种族/种族的肥胖率的国家趋势,并评估了肥胖群体中代谢并发症的几率.
主要成果:
- 从2008年到2023年,儿童肥胖的患病率有所增加,极重肥胖的相对增加为253.1%.
- 从2020年到2023年,极度严重的肥胖症在16-18岁的青少年和非西班牙裔黑人参与者中最为普遍.
- 与较轻度肥胖相比,极度严重的肥胖显示出MASLD (OR,6.74),糖尿病前期/糖尿病 (OR,4.94),严重的胰岛素抵抗 (OR,8.05) 和代谢综合征 (OR,1.99) 的几率明显更高.
结论:
- 在美国儿童和青少年中,极度严重的肥胖的患病率显著增加,特别是在老年青少年和非西班牙裔黑人青年中.
- 极度严重的肥胖与严重的代谢和心血管并发症密切相关,包括MASLD,糖尿病,胰岛素抵抗和代谢综合征.
- 迫切需要采取公共卫生干预和政策,以应对日益严重的儿童肥胖流行及其严重的健康后果.
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