通过较少探索的途径了解病毒的进化动态
Alessandra Mistral De Pascali1,2, Ludovica Ingletto2, Martina Brandolini1,2
1Unit of Microbiology, The Greater Romagna Area Hub Laboratory, Cesena, 47522, Italy.
Scientific reports
|July 16, 2025
概括
在意大利对病毒 (MPXV) 的基因组监测揭示了Clade IIb菌株. 与加纳相关的罕见血统A.2.3菌株通过基因破坏显示出人类潜在的适应性.
科学领域:
- 病毒学 病毒学
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 最近的病毒 (MPXV) 疫情需要基因组监测来跟踪进化和协助调查.
- 在最近的全球疫情中,MPXV Clade IIb菌株在流行地区以外的地区占主导地位.
研究的目的:
- 来自意大利的MPXV分离物的基因组表征.
- 分析人类适应的机制,包括APOBEC型突变.
- 了解MPXV Clade IIb. 的多样性和进化途径.
主要方法:
- 在意大利埃米利亚-罗曼尼亚收集的11个MPXV分离物的家族遗传学分析 (2022年5月至9月).
- 基因组测序和病毒基因的比较分析.
- 鉴定突变和基因破坏,包括那些可能与人类适应相关的突变和基因破坏.
主要成果:
- 所有11个MPXV分离物都属于Clade IIb.
- 来自男性患者的病毒被分类为B系 (B.1,B.1.3,B.1.12).
- 一个来自女性患者的菌株属于A (A.2.3) 血统,具有非洲 (加纳) 的流行病学联系,代表了非洲以外的罕见检测.
- 发现了OPG176和OPG023基因的干扰,后者导致蛋白质截断,这表明人类可能适应.
结论:
- 这项研究增强了对MPXV Clade IIb多样性的理解.
- 一个罕见的血统A.2.3变种的表征提供了对较少探索的流行病学途径的见解.
- 确定的基因干扰可能表明MPXV适应人类宿主.
相关概念视频
00:36Viral Mutations
33.0K
A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...
33.0K
00:57Viral Recombination
23.8K
Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
23.8K
01:10Retrovirus Life Cycles
46.9K
Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
46.9K
01:09Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift
59.5K
In a population that is not at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of alleles changes over time. Therefore, any deviations from the five conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can alter the genetic variation of a given population. Conditions that change the genetic variability of a population include mutations, natural selection, non-random mating, gene flow, and genetic drift (small population size).
59.5K
01:20Viral Replication: Lytic Cycle
282
Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria. Among them, T-even bacteriophages, such as T4, exhibit a well-characterized lytic replication cycle in Escherichia coli (E. coli). This process ensures the rapid proliferation of the virus while ultimately leading to the destruction of the bacterial host.Attachment and DNA InjectionThe infection process begins with the recognition and binding of the T4 phage to the E. coli cell surface. Tail fibers of the phage...
282
01:29Viruses with RNA Genomes
132
RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
132