移民和本地人的薪酬差距是由于缺乏高薪工作
Are Skeie Hermansen1,2, Andrew Penner3, István Boza4
1Department of Sociology and Human Geography, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. a.s.hermansen@sosgeo.uio.no.
Nature
|July 16, 2025
概括
移民和本地人之间的收入差距主要归因于职位分离. 政策的重点应该是改善获得更好的就业机会,而不仅仅是同样工作的同工同酬.
科学领域:
- 社会经济研究
- 劳动经济学
- 迁移研究
背景情况:
- 在高收入国家,移民经常面临持续的劳动力市场挑战.
- 他们的孩子通常表现出经济进步, 但移民与本地人的收入差异的驱动因素尚未完全理解.
研究的目的:
- 调查移民与本地人的收入差距是由于同样工作的薪酬不平等,还是由于对低薪工作的隔离.
- 量化工作分离对整体收入差异的贡献.
主要方法:
- 分析了9个欧洲和北美国家的数据.
- 移民和本地工人的收入和工作类型的比较.
主要成果:
- 移民和本地人之间的收入差距大约占到75%.
- 虽然职位内部的薪酬不平等存在,但获得高薪工作的不平等是薪酬差距的主要驱动因素.
结论:
- 减少职业间的隔离对于缩小移民与本地人的薪酬差距至关重要.
- 支持语言和职业培训,资格认可和网络接入的政策至关重要.
- 解决雇主在招聘和晋升方面的偏见也很重要.
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