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相关概念视频

Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

450
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
450
Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language01:10

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language

1.0K
Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
1.0K
Lateralization01:28

Lateralization

513
Brain lateralization refers to the division of mental processes and functions between the two hemispheres of the brain, a phenomenon that optimizes neural efficiency and underpins complex abilities in humans. This specialization allows each hemisphere to perform tasks where it has a comparative advantage, facilitating more refined cognitive capabilities across different domains.
513
Long-term Potentiation01:35

Long-term Potentiation

55.8K
Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
55.8K

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在患有多发性硬化症的个体中描述扩展语言网络.

Alexander S Ratzan1,2, Leila Simani1, Jordan D Dworkin3

  • 1Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences
|July 17, 2025
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概括

多发性硬化症 (MS) 患者表现出语言能力受损,特别是在语义流方面. 这项研究确定了与MS患者语言功能障碍相关的网络级脑成像标记.

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科学领域:

  • 神经科学是一个神经科学.
  • 认知科学 认知科学
  • 医疗成像医学成像

背景情况:

  • 语言功能障碍是多发性硬化症 (MS) 的常见和早期症状.
  • 了解MS中语言缺陷的神经基础对于早期检测和干预至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 开发一个网络层面的语言功能障碍在MS的模型.
  • 为了确定神经成像相关的语言障碍在MS患者.

主要方法:

  • 获得了54名多发性硬化患者和54名健康对照者的功能和结构性大脑MRI和认知数据.
  • 为扩展语言网络 (ELN) 计算的功能连接措施和衍生结构成像指标.
  • 利用无监督学习来探索MS组中神经成像特征和语言表现之间的关系.

主要成果:

  • 与HC相比,MS患者在语义流性和快速自动命名任务方面表现明显差.
  • 在MS群体中,ELN内部连接性增加.
  • 由神经成像获得的多模式潜伏组件与MS患者的语言表现有独特的相关性.

结论:

  • 网络层面的功能和结构大脑测量可以帮助鉴定MS中的语言功能障碍.
  • 这些已识别的特征可能成为MS特定语言缺陷的潜在机制和预测因素.