中央化药品采购政策是否会提高企业的总因子生产率?
Xin Li1, Ran Tao1, Wenxue Zou2
1Capital University of Economics and Business, Beijing, China.
Frontiers in public health
|July 17, 2025
概括
中国国家集中制药采购 (NCDP) 政策显著降低了制药公司的总因子生产率 (TFP). 这种影响源于融资限制和研发驱动的投资效率低下,需要政策调整以实现可持续性.
科学领域:
- 卫生经济学 卫生经济学
- 制药政策 制药政策
- 工业组织 工业组织 工业组织
背景情况:
- 中国的医疗保健系统面临着药品定价方面的挑战.
- 为了解决这些问题,2018年引入了国家集中药物采购 (NCDP) 政策.
- 了解政策对企业生产率的影响对于改革评估至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查NCDP政策对制药公司的总因子生产率 (TFP) 的因果关系.
- 确定NCDP政策影响TFP的机制.
- 为平衡药品定价控制和企业可持续性提出政策建议.
主要方法:
- 差异差异 (DID) 方法应用于A股上市制药公司 (2003-2021) 的季度数据.
- 稳定性检查包括索引替换,倾向性得分匹配和滞后测试.
- 通过融资约束 (KZ指数) 和研发/投资动态 (RD,INV) 分析调解效应.
主要成果:
- 参与NCDP显著减少了制药公司的TFP.
- 在非国有企业,非TCM制造商和分析师覆盖率高的公司中,TFP负面影响更为明显.
- 机制包括收紧的融资限制和"研发→投资效率低下→TFP↓"传输链.
结论:
- 虽然NCDP政策控制了药品价格,但却对制药公司的TFP产生了负面影响.
- 政策建议包括差异化融资支持和创新激励改革.
- 这些策略旨在在价格控制和TFP增强之间创造可持续的平衡.
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