酶性细胞纳米粒子通过粘膜屏障传递有效载荷
Luke J Kubiatowicz1, Nima N Pourafzal1, Nishta Krishnan1
1Aiiso Yufeng Li Family Department of Chemical and Nano Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States.
Bioconjugate chemistry
|July 17, 2025
概括
研究人员开发了模仿病毒的纳米粒子,以克服生物粘液障碍,以改善药物输送. 这些纳米粒子增强了治疗剂通过粘膜层的透,提高了口服和吸入药物的生物可用性.
科学领域:
- 生物材料科学 生物材料科学
- 纳米技术纳米技术
- 药物运输 药物运输 药物运输
背景情况:
- 粘膜障碍物阻碍了通过口服或吸入途径的药物输送.
- 粘液由糖化粘素蛋白组成,是治疗生物可用性的重要障碍.
- 有效的药物输送需要攻破这些自然防御的策略.
研究的目的:
- 为了设计能够增强粘膜透的纳米粒子.
- 克服粘膜壁垒对治疗和预防性治疗的局限性.
- 开发一种模仿病毒的系统,以改善药物运输.
主要方法:
- 开发了模仿病毒的酶性细胞纳米颗粒,通过涂覆含mRNA的脂质纳米颗粒核与表达神经aminidase的哺乳动物细胞膜.
- 基因工程将神经aminidase蛋白植入细胞膜上,灵感来自A型流感病毒.
- 利用酶活性在粘液基质中切割酸残留物.
主要成果:
- 在体外研究证实,纳米颗粒有效地穿越了人造粘液层.
- 显著增强了mRNA向上皮细胞的传递.
- 在体内小鼠模型实验显示,在内给药后,肺部mRNA表达得到改善.
结论:
- 酶涂层的细胞纳米颗粒显示出克服粘膜壁垒的前景.
- 病毒仿真生物技术为提高药物输送和生物可用性提供了一种新的策略.
- 这种方法在需要粘膜透的治疗和预防方面有潜在的应用.
相关概念视频
01:24Cellular Membranes and Drug Transport
980
Drugs must traverse multiple biological barriers, such as multi-layered skin, single-layered intestinal epithelium, and the plasma membrane, to reach their target sites within the body. The plasma membrane, a highly structured composite of phospholipids, carbohydrates, and proteins, is the cell's protective boundary, facilitating selective substance exchange.
Phospholipids arrange themselves into a bilayer, with hydrophilic heads oriented outward and hydrophobic tails facing inward.
Phospholipids arrange themselves into a bilayer, with hydrophilic heads oriented outward and hydrophobic tails facing inward.
980
01:23Mechanisms of Drug Absorption: Paracellular, Transcellular, and Vesicular Transport
832
Drugs need to permeate cell membranes to reach their target sites after administration. Orally administered drugs must transcend intestinal epithelial membrane barriers to infiltrate the systemic circulation. Drugs with a molecular weight of less than 500 Daltons diffuse through gaps between neighboring cells, called paracellular pathways.
However, most drugs use the transcellular route, traversing directly through the cell membranes via two mechanisms: passive and active transport. Passive...
However, most drugs use the transcellular route, traversing directly through the cell membranes via two mechanisms: passive and active transport. Passive...
832