美国的交通和工作相关来源的噪音污染的种族和民族不平等
Abas Shkembi1, Keshav Patel2, Lauren M Smith2
1Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. ashkembi@umich.edu.
Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology
|July 17, 2025
概括
种族和少数民族社区面临不成比例地更高的累积噪音污染,来自运输和工作场所. 历史上的红线和抵押贷款歧视加剧了这些环境健康差异,突出了对包容性暴露评估的需求.
科学领域:
- 环境健康 环境健康
- 环境正义 环境正义
- 城市规划 城市规划
背景情况:
- 美国在环境噪音暴露方面存在种族和种族不平等现象,这与历史上的结构性种族主义有关.
- 以前的研究还没有完全解释来自工作和非工作环境的累积噪音暴露.
- 了解总噪声负担对于识别有不良健康结果风险的人群至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查来自交通和工作场所的少数群体社区不成比例的噪音污染负担.
- 评估结构性种族主义,特别是历史性红线和抵押贷款歧视在这些不平等中的作用.
- 检查噪音暴露对不同种族和民族群体的累积影响.
主要方法:
- 地理空间模型被用来绘制美国人口普查区的工作场所和交通噪音暴露的地图.
- 分析了种族/民族组成和累积噪音暴露之间的关联.
- 评估了历史红线 (1930年代) 和抵押贷款歧视 (1990年代) 对当前噪音污染的影响,并控制了社会经济地位.
主要成果:
- 种族和少数民族社区,特别是西班牙裔/拉丁裔和黑人美国人,面临着明显更高的暴露于交通和工作场所噪音的可能性.
- 这些差异在有着住宅隔离历史的城市地区最为明显.
- 历史上隔离的社区,特别是那些持续存在抵押贷款歧视的社区,目前对累积噪音污染的暴露率更高.
结论:
- 种族和少数民族比例较高的社区因累积的噪音污染而承受不成比例的负担.
- 排除工作场所的暴露可能会导致环境影响评估中忽视受影响最严重的社区.
- 未来的环境正义政策必须纳入工作场所噪音评估,以有效减少健康差异.
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