预测早期儿童自闭症和智力障碍的后期ADHD表现类型
Yunyi Ren1, Agnieszka Mlodnicka2,3, Catrina Andaya Calub2,3
1Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
European child & adolescent psychiatry
|July 17, 2025
概括
患有自闭症或发育迟缓的儿童患有注意力缺陷/多动障碍 (ADHD) 的风险明显更高. 早期诊断和评估对于这些神经发育状况至关重要.
科学领域:
- 神经发育障碍 神经发育障碍
- 儿童心理学 儿童心理学
- 儿科神经学 儿科神经学
背景情况:
- 注意缺陷/多动障碍 (ADHD) 和自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 是神经发育障碍,导致显著的功能障碍.
- 这两种情况往往同时发生,需要研究它们的独特和重叠的表现.
研究的目的:
- 调查早期儿童发育类别与ADHD后期诊断之间的关联.
- 检查与早期发育状态相关的ADHD (注意力不集中,组合过敏/冲动) 的表现类型.
主要方法:
- 一项纵向研究跟踪了645名年龄在8-20岁的儿童,在2-5岁之间招募到自闭症,没有自闭症的发育迟缓 (DD),其他早期关注 (OEC) 或典型发育 (TD) 组.
- 诊断ADHD使用了家长的临床采访,观察方法和评分尺度.
- 多变量波桑日志回归模型分析了关联,控制年龄,性别,父母ADHD,社会经济地位和产前因素.
主要成果:
- 33%的参与者被诊断出患有多动症.
- 儿童早期的诊断是后来的多动症的一个强有力的预测因素.
- 与典型发育相比,ADHD的相对风险在所有发育类别中都较高,特别是自闭症儿童的综合/过度活跃-冲动表现 (RR 5.4) 和DD (RR 4.4).
结论:
- 被诊断为自闭症或发育迟缓的儿童,患ADHD的风险大大增加.
- 对于自闭症儿童和发育迟缓的儿童,建议对ADHD及其亚型进行例行评估.
- 在这些人群中,对ADHD的早期识别和干预对于解决发展和服务需求至关重要.
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