区分患者的自杀想法和行为的个人资料:反复的负面思维的影响,内部和外部陷,并在自杀预防计划中的综合动机-意志模型中的失败
María Aliño-Dies1, Daniel Sánchez-Reolid2, Marta Monferrer3
1Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Albacete, Spain. mariaalinyodies@gmail.com.
The Psychiatric quarterly
|July 17, 2025
概括
重复的负面思维,失败和陷入困境与自杀行为有关. 女性性别和先前的紧急访问区分了这些群体,特别是女性性别预测了自杀念头.
科学领域:
- 心理学 心理学 心理学
- 临床心理学 临床心理学
- 认知科学 认知科学
背景情况:
- 了解从自杀念头 (SI) 到自杀行为 (SB) 的认知过渡对于有效预防至关重要.
- 综合动机-意志 (IMV) 模型为检查影响自杀行为的因素提供了一个框架.
- 重复的负面思维 (RNT),失败的感觉和陷入困境的感知是SI和SB所涉及的关键认知变量.
研究的目的:
- 调查认知机制,包括RNT,失败和陷入困境,以促进从SI向SB的过渡.
- 在临床样本中确定区分SI与SB个体的预测因子.
- 探索人口因素 (如性别和先前的医疗保健利用) 在区分SI和SB群体中的作用.
主要方法:
- 进行了一项观察性,分析性,横截面性研究,对来自西班牙自杀预防计划的93名患者 (56名SI,37名SB) 进行了观察.
- 患者在自杀危机期间被评估,使用RNT,失败感和内部/外部陷的措施.
- 采用二进制逻辑回归来确定组成员的预测因素 (SI与SB).
主要成果:
- 在两组中,在RNT和陷/失败之间发现了中等的正相关性,在SB组中,与内部陷的联系更强烈.
- 二元逻辑回归并没有基于单纯的认知变量来确切区分SI和SB组.
- 女性性别和先前的急诊室访问是区分SI与SB组的重要因素;女性性别是SI的关键预测因素 (OR=13.397,p=0.005).
结论:
- 针对RNT,失败和陷入困境的认知行为干预措施应纳入自杀预防计划.
- 预防策略应优先考虑高风险人群,例如有精神病紧急病史的年轻女性.
- 建议通过团体加强支持,个性化跟进,并为处于危险的个人提供性别敏感的专业培训.
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