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生活方式干预高血压前期的比较有效性:随机对照试验的网络元分析
Yucheng Yang1,2, Xiaona Na1,2, Sijia Cai1,2
1Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
American journal of preventive cardiology
|July 18, 2025
概括
生活方式干预可以显著降低高血压前期的血压. 将食补充剂与运动相结合对静脉压最有效,而健康教育和冥想最能降低静脉压.
科学领域:
- 心血管健康 心血管健康
- 预防医学 预防医学
- 基于证据的实践.
背景情况:
- 前高血压影响了相当一部分成年人群,增加了心血管疾病的风险.
- 改变生活方式对于管理高血压前期和预防高血压进展至关重要.
- 需要全面了解各种生活方式干预措施的比较有效性.
研究的目的:
- 系统地比较各种生活方式干预措施的有效性,以降低患有高血压前期患者的缩血压 (SBP) 和腹缩血压 (DBP).
- 通过贝叶斯网络元分析,确定最有效的单一和组合的生活方式干预措施.
主要方法:
- 在多个数据库 (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CINAHL, CNKI, Wanfang) 进行了系统的文献搜索,直到2023年12月.
- 包括具有平行或交叉设计的随机对照试验 (RCT).
- 对67项涉及17种不同的生活方式干预措施的研究进行了贝叶斯网络元分析.
主要成果:
- 饮食补充剂加上运动显示SBP的最大降低 (平均差异[MD] -14.86;95%可信区间[CrI] -20.44至 -9.35).
- 与冥想相结合的健康教育在降低DBP方面最有效 (MD -13.99; 95% CrI -22.25至 -5.65).
- 干预的有效性因持续时间,参与者的年龄和区域经济地位而异.
结论:
- 多元组件的生活方式干预措施,特别是那些包含饮食因素和运动的干预措施,对于管理高血压前期更优越.
- 根据参与者的特征,因干预效率的变化而需要量身定制的,特定于人群的方法.
- 进一步的研究应该专注于个性化的生活方式策略,以实现最佳的血压管理.
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