通过综合老年医学评估解决外科等待名单问题

Karina James1, David Burberry1, Duncan Soppitt2

  • 1Consultant Geriatrician, Swansea University Health Board, Morriston Hospital, Swansea, UK.

PubMed

近年来,外科手术等候名单不断增长,尤其在社会经济条件较差的地区,老年人群受影响尤为严重。这一现象对医疗经济体系产生巨大影响,并已体现在因共享决策(shared decision making, SDM)质量不佳而引发的医疗纠纷中。我们探讨了如何以最少的人力资源,将接受手术的老年人围手术期照护(Perioperative Care for the Older Person Undergoing Surgery, POPS)模型的核心原则融入常规临床实践中。我们对胆囊切除术等候名单进行了分析,描述了等待手术的人群特征及其在等候期间的体验,旨在通过全面老年综合评估,为合并衰弱状态的患者提供有效的共享决策支持。针对64岁以上患者,我们采用两级分诊系统,通过邮寄和电话方式进行初步筛选。所有患者均在多学科会议上进行讨论;若患者存在衰弱情况,则为其提供门诊就诊机会。我们前瞻性收集了诊断与干预措施的数据,并比较了不同筛查方法的效果。共有750名患者列于胆囊切除术等候名单上,其中256名患者年龄在65岁或以上。65岁以上患者的中位等待时间为101.7周(范围为0–273周)。98名患者回应了初始调查,许多人表示在等待期间健康状况恶化。32.8%的患者符合衰弱标准(临床衰弱量表评分[CFS]>5),其中44人被提供门诊预约。在256名患者中,通过两级分诊(初步电话联系或门诊评估,包括远程或面对面形式),共有51名患者被移出等候名单。采用分诊方式审查等候名单后发现,五分之一年龄超过65岁、等待胆囊切除术的患者选择不再继续等待。其中超过一半的个案通过简单的干预措施(包括非临床工作人员实施的措施)得以识别。若该模式在其他外科手术等候时间较长的医疗中心得以推广,尤其对常为不良结局高风险群体的老年人群而言,将具有极为重要的意义。此类创新方法有望提升未来医疗服务的可持续性,并改善患者照护质量与临床结局。 关键词:外科等候名单,老年人群,衰弱,共享决策,围手术期照护,胆囊切除术,多学科团队,分诊,临床衰弱量表,全面老年综合评估

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