使用人工智能彻底改变个性化医疗:对预测诊断及其对药物开发影响的元分析
Amin Daemi1, Sahar Kalami2, Ruhiyya Guliyeva Tahiraga3
1Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey. phd_bio@yahoo.com.
Clinical and experimental medicine
|July 18, 2025
概括
人工智能 (AI) 在实验室医学中表现出强大的诊断能力,曲线下的高面积 (AUC) 为0.9025. 然而,异质性和出版偏见等挑战需要对负责任的AI集成进行标准化评估.
科学领域:
- 实验室医学 实验室医学
- 医学诊断 医学诊断 医学诊断
- 医疗保健中的人工智能
背景情况:
- 人工智能 (AI) 在实验室医学中越来越多地被用于提高诊断准确度和个性化患者护理.
- 评估人工智能模型的性能对于基于证据的临床实施至关重要.
- 这项研究系统地评估了人工智能模型在实验室医学中的诊断效果.
研究的目的:
- 系统地评估基于人工智能的模型在实验室医学中的诊断效果.
- 确定导致人工智能模型性能异质性的因素.
- 为人工智能负责任的临床整合制定策略.
主要方法:
- 在主要的科学数据库 (PubMed,Scopus,Web of Science,IEEE Xplore) 进行了全面的文献搜索.
- 十七项研究被纳入随机效应元分析,提取研究设计,AI模型类型,输入模式和性能指标 (灵敏度,特异性,AUC) 的数据.
- 使用子组分析和漏斗图谱检查来调查异质性和出版偏见.
主要成果:
- 聚合的元分析显示,曲线下的AUC很高,为0.9025,表明AI模型具有强大的诊断能力.
- 检测到显著的异质性 (I2 = 91.01%),受模型架构,诊断领域和数据质量的影响.
- 卷积神经网络和随机森林模型显示出更高的AUC;内分泌学显示出性能变化. 还确定了出版偏见.
结论:
- 人工智能具有显著的潜力,可以提高个性化实验室医学的诊断准确性.
- 方法异质性和出版偏见是影响人工智能模型可靠性的关键挑战.
- 未来的研究必须专注于标准化的评估框架,透明度和可解释的AI,以确保安全的临床采用.
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