成年人年龄估计的准确性和挑战:对人类学,牙科,生物化学和分子方法的范围审查
J Rojas-Torres1,2,3, L Martínez-Durán4,5, J M de Anta6
1Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias, Mención Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Universidad de La Frontera, 4811230, Temuco, Chile. javier.rojas@ufrontera.cl.
Forensic science, medicine, and pathology
|July 18, 2025
概括
在法医科学中,准确的年龄估计至关重要. 这篇评论比较了人类学,牙科和生化/分子生物学方法,发现BMB提供了更高的准确性,但需要专门的工具,而AI集成显示了改善结果的希望.
科学领域:
- 法医科学 法医科学 法医科学
- 生物考古学的生物考古学
- 人类学是人类学.
- 生物化学 生物化学
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 牙科 牙科是指牙科的专业.
背景情况:
- 在法医科学,受害者识别和生物考古学中,年龄估计至关重要.
- 未成年人年龄估计依赖于成熟,而成年人年龄估计使用退行过程,降低准确性.
- 传统的人类学和牙科方法是常见的,但生化和分子生物学 (BMB) 方法提供了新的可能性.
研究的目的:
- 进行范围审查,评估和比较人类学,牙科和BMB年龄估计方法的准确性.
- 为了分析活着的个体,尸体和成人骨遗骸的年龄估计.
- 确定成年人年龄估计方面的挑战和潜在改进,特别是在40岁以上的人群中.
主要方法:
- 根据PRISMA-ScR指南进行范围审查,搜索PubMed,Scopus和WOS (2015-2024).
- 包括使用回归模型进行年龄估计的研究,并报告了错误指标.
- 不包括缺乏精确数据的评论和研究.
主要成果:
- 人类学方法显示错误率为4-25年.
- 法医牙科学方法的平均误差为2.5-12.5年.
- 生物化学和分子生物学 (BMB) 方法 (DNA甲基化,端粒缩短,酸种族化) 的精度为±3到±10年,但需要专门的设备.
- 人工智能 (AI) 可以提高可复制性,尽管标准化仍然是一个挑战.
- 在40岁以上的成年人中,估计年龄仍然特别困难.
结论:
- 与传统的人类学和牙科方法相比,生物化学和分子生物学方法在年龄估计中提供了更高的准确性.
- 整合人工智能和采用多变量分子模型可以显著提高年龄估计的准确性.
- 为了在法医应用中推进年龄估计,必须采用多学科的方法.
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