高智力和智力特征的差异在早产儿:一个系统的审查和元分析
Larissa I van der Windt1, Yaela N Schrijver2, Nerissa P Denswil3
1Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Acta psychologica
|July 18, 2025
概括
大约十分之一的早产儿表现出高智力,但他们更有可能具有不均的认知特征. 早期识别这些情报模式对于定制的教育支持至关重要.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 儿科 儿科 儿科
背景情况:
- 过早分娩与各种发展结果有关.
- 了解早产儿的认知特征对于早期干预至关重要.
- 以前的研究已经在早产儿群体中探索了智力,因此需要更新系统性审查.
研究的目的:
- 确定早产儿中高平均和极高智力的患病率.
- 探索早产儿中不和的智力特征的发生情况.
- 为了比较早产和满产儿童之间的智力分布.
主要方法:
- 对2017年之前发表的研究进行系统审查,并对2017年之后的研究进行Medline,PsychInfo和Embase的全面搜索.
- 包括报告5-18岁早产和早产儿童智商 (IQ) 评分的研究.
- 使用随机效应模型进行统计分析,以计算情报类别的风险比率 (RR) 和置信区间 (CI),并根据标准平均差异识别不协调的配置文件.
主要成果:
- 分析了102项涉及13773名早产儿和14496名早产儿的研究.
- 与预产期儿童相比, (非常) 高智能 (11.6%) 和极高智能 (1.9%) 的比例明显低于预产期儿童 (分别为26.6%和5.4%).
- 值得注意的是,37.9%的研究表明,早产儿的智力概况不协调.
结论:
- 大约11.6%的早产儿达到 (非常) 高的平均智力,但他们面临不和的认知特征的风险增加.
- 建议对早产儿进行全面的认知评估,包括个人智商指数得分.
- 识别特定的认知优点和弱点对于开发个性化的教育策略至关重要,以优化早产人口的学习潜力.
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