在医疗保健系统中推进公平:理解隐含偏见和婴儿死亡率
Sophia M Gran-Ruaz1, Shruti Mistry1, M Myriah MacIntyre1
1School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier, Vanier Hall, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada.
BMC medical ethics
|July 19, 2025
概括
反黑人隐性种族偏见是黑人婴儿死亡率的重要预测因素. 这种偏见对公平的医疗保健构成道德挑战,并需要针对系统性改革进行反偏见培训.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 社会心理学 社会心理学
- 健康 公平 卫生 公平
背景情况:
- 与其他种族相比,黑人美国人的婴儿死亡率仍然不成比例地高.
- 隐含的种族偏见,无意识的态度或刻板印象,可能会导致健康差异.
- 了解隐性偏见在医疗保健中的作用对于解决不平等至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查州级反黑人隐性种族偏见与美国黑人婴儿死亡率之间的关联.
- 为了确定隐性偏差是否预测黑人婴儿死亡率,独立于明确偏差和白人婴儿死亡率.
- 探索隐性偏见对医疗保健决策和患者提供者关系的影响.
主要方法:
- 利用疾病控制和预防中心的流行病学研究 (CDC WONDER) 和隐含项目的广泛在线数据的数据.
- 从2018年至2020年审查的州级平均黑白暗示关联测试 (BW-IAT) 偏差分数从2018年至2020年.
- 采用了等级线性回归,控制了明确偏差分数和白人婴儿死亡率.
主要成果:
- 州级反黑人隐性偏见显著预测了2018年,2019年和2020年的州级黑人婴儿死亡率.
- 隐性偏差解释了黑人婴儿死亡率差异的很大一部分,独立于其他因素.
- 医疗保健专业人员表现出与美国普通人口相比的隐性偏见水平.
结论:
- 隐含的种族偏见被认为是导致黑人婴儿死亡率的重要风险因素.
- 该研究强调了医疗保健中隐性偏见所带来的伦理挑战,影响了公平的决策和患者护理.
- 调查结果支持需要进行系统性改革和反偏见培训,以促进更公平的医疗保健系统.
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