喘:流行病学,风险因素以及预防和治疗的机会
Shamanthi M Jayasooriya1, Graham Devereux2, Joan B Soriano3
1School of Medicine and Population Health, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
The Lancet. Respiratory medicine
|July 20, 2025
概括
全球有3亿人患有喘,预计患病率将上升. 有效的管理包括吸入皮质类固醇,特别是组合吸入剂,以及预防策略,如改善孕产妇护理和减少肥胖.
科学领域:
- 肺部病理学 肺部病理学
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 喘是一种慢性呼吸道疾病,影响全球3亿人,其特点是可变的气流阻塞,呼吸道炎症和过度反应.
- 由于人口增长,城市化和老龄化,全球喘负担预计将增加.
- 影响喘发病和严重性的关键因素包括出生体重低,早产,病毒感染,环境暴露 (烟雾,城市化,职业) 和肥胖.
研究的目的:
- 总结目前对喘特征,全球负担,风险因素和管理策略的理解.
- 突出吸入性皮质类固醇和组合吸入剂在喘控制中的作用.
- 讨论公共卫生政策和预防措施,以减少未来的喘患病率.
主要方法:
- 文献综述和综合有关喘患病率和风险因素的流行病学数据.
- 分析当前治疗指南和喘管理建议.
- 检查公共卫生倡议及其对喘控制的影响.
主要成果:
- 对成人和青少年来说,建议将吸入性皮质类固醇与formoterol结合使用,而对儿童来说,低剂量吸入性皮质类固醇是第一线治疗.
- 不建议使用短效β-激动剂单一治疗.
- 确保获得负担得起的组合吸入器的国家喘政策减少了住院和缺席.
结论:
- 有效的喘管理依赖于适当的药物治疗,包括组合吸入器,并遵守治疗指南.
- 专注于母亲和婴儿护理,减少早产,婴儿呼吸道感染和肥胖的预防策略对于减少未来喘患病率至关重要.
- 协调的公共卫生政策对于改善喘控制和减少疾病负担至关重要.
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