使用ChatGPT-3.5协助眼科医生进行临床决策
Samir Cayenne1, Natalia Penaloza1, Anne C Chan1
1John Sealy School of Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
Journal of ophthalmic & vision research
|July 21, 2025
概括
聊天GPT-3.5可以帮助眼科医生进行差异诊断,但有局限性. 添加患者的风险因素只在神经眼科病例中提高了准确性.
科学领域:
- 眼科医生 眼科 眼科
- 人工智能的人工智能
- 医学诊断 医学诊断 医学诊断
背景情况:
- 人工智能,特别是像ChatGPT-3.5这样的大型语言模型,在医疗保健应用中显示出希望.
- 人工智能在产生眼部病理的差异诊断中的实用性需要进行调查.
研究的目的:
- 评估ChatGPT-3.5在协助眼科医生进行差异诊断方面的潜力.
- 评估不同水平的临床信息对人工智能产生的诊断准确性的影响.
主要方法:
- 一百种眼部病理被输入到ChatGPT-3.5中,使用一个具有两个标志和两个症状 (方法A) 的临床图片模板.
- 30种病理的子集被重新评估,并增加了额外的危险因素 (年龄,性别,病史) (方法B).
- 使用单尾威尔科克森签名等级测试的统计分析比较了方法A和方法B之间的准确性.
主要成果:
- 聊天GPT-3.5在第一个差异诊断中实现了51%的准确率,在其他差异诊断中达到18%的准确率.
- 31%的病例没有被列入人工智能生成的差异诊断列表.
- 只有神经眼科病例在添加危险因素 (P = 0.01) 的情况下,在诊断准确度上有统计学显著的改善.
结论:
- 通过建议潜在的诊断,ChatGPT-3.5可以作为临床医生的补充工具.
- 目前ChatGPT-3.5的准确性不足以取代眼科的临床决策.
- 需要进一步的研究来增强眼科人工智能诊断能力.
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