人工纤维素衍生物在与常见的植物β-葡萄糖进行原始化后被人类肠道细菌选择代谢
Deepesh Panwar1, William A Stewart1,2, Andrew Rodd1
1Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Journal of bacteriology
|July 21, 2025
概括
人体肠道细菌可以以惊人的方式代谢人工纤维素衍生物,如加工食品和药品中的人工纤维素衍生物. 这种能力是由天然的植物多糖触发的,挑战了以前关于它们非代谢性质的假设.
科学领域:
- 微生物学 微生物学
- 人类肠道微生物组
- 生物化学 生物化学
背景情况:
- 合成纤维素是一种常见的食品和制药添加剂.
- 人类摄入大量这些人造聚合物.
- 它们在人类肠道中的新陈代谢在很大程度上被认为是可以忽略不计的.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究人类肠道的代谢潜力,Bacteroidota对人工纤维素衍生物进行了研究.
- 探索天然多糖在促进这种新陈代谢中的作用.
- 确定肠道细菌对纤维素乙烯降解的机制.
主要方法:
- 培养具有代表性的 *Bacteroides* 和 *Segatella* 菌株.
- 使用各种纤维素衍生物作为唯一的碳来源进行生长测试.
- 采用混合链 β-葡萄糖 (MLG) 和氧化葡萄糖 (XyG) 的原始化培养.
- 对外膜内分糖酶的转录分析和酶活性测定.
主要成果:
- 细菌无法仅仅在纤维素衍生物上生长.
- 当用MLG或XyG进行原始化时,纤维素的附带代谢发生了.
- 这种能力取决于物种,菌株和多糖.
- 在 *Segatella copri* 中,外膜内分糖酶被上调并显示出对纤维素衍生物的副作用.
结论:
- 人体肠道细菌具有被低估的代谢人工纤维素衍生物的能力.
- 像MLG和XyG这样的天然食纤维可以诱导这种代谢能力.
- 这些发现挑战了关于纤维素的传统观点,即在肠道中不能代谢.
- 进一步的研究是有必要的,以探索这种现象在不同的肠道类别.
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