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相对错觉是语言理解中的理性推断的证据

Yuhan Zhang¹, Carina Kauf², Roger P Levy²

¹Department of Linguistics, Stanford University.

Journal of experimental psychology. General

|July 21, 2025

概括

人们常常发现语义上异常的"比较幻觉"句子是可以接受的. 这项研究使用噪音通道框架和理性推理来解释这种语言错觉,显示解释概率与生产概率相关.

科学领域:

心理语言学心理语言学
认知科学认知科学
计算语言学计算语言学

背景情况:

非语法或语义上不可信的句子可以被认为是可以接受的.
"比较错觉" (CI) 描述了人们如何接受语义上异常的句子,比如'比我去过俄罗斯的人更多'.

研究的目的:

使用噪音通道框架来解释"比较幻觉" (CI).
调查理解者如何对具有潜在生产错误的句子做出理性推断.

主要方法:

确定了一个语言构造,引起了突出的CI幻觉.
确定了CI句子的可信解释范围.
实验测试了解释概率和生产错误可能性之间的关系.

主要成果:

对CI句子赋予可信解释的概率与其在噪音通信中产生的概率成比例.
理解者根据潜在的生产错误进行"接近"的合理解释.
发现一种特定的语言结构可靠地引起CI效应.

结论:

"比较幻觉"可以通过在噪音频道框架内的理性推断来解释.
语言理解包括从可能错误的发言中推断出预期的含义.
这项研究支持噪音通道推断在理解语言中的作用.

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