[避免性/限制性食物摄入障碍:在诊断系统中是一种新的食和饮食障碍]
Orsolya Demetrovics, Zsolt Demetrovics1
1Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary,
概括
避免性限制性食物摄入障碍 (ARFID) 是一种公认的诊断,可以更早地识别和治疗. 了解其原因和量身定制的治疗方法,包括父母心理教育,是有效干预的关键.
科学领域:
- 精神病学是一个精神病学.
- 儿科心理学 儿科心理学
- 临床心理学 临床心理学
背景情况:
- 避免性限制性食物摄入障碍 (ARFID) 在2013年 (DSM-5) 和2019年 (ICD-11) 的诊断手册中被正式承认.
- 以前,ARFID病例经常被误诊或忽视,特别是在6岁以上的个体中.
- 确立ARFID作为一个独特的诊断有助于更好地识别患者和提供有针对性的护理.
研究的目的:
- 审查ARFID的诊断标准和症状表现.
- 探索导致ARFID发展的主要病因因素.
- 讨论目前和新兴的基于证据的ARFID治疗策略.
主要方法:
- 对ARFID的诊断特征,病因因素和治疗选择进行文献综述.
- 综合有关感官过敏,新恐惧症,焦虑症,感官不敏感以及味道/气味偏好等方面的信息.
- 分析现有疗法,包括认知行为疗法,暴露疗法和基于家庭的治疗,并提出修改.
主要成果:
- ARFID的特点是特定的诊断特征和症状概况.
- 关键的病因因素包括感官过敏,焦虑,认知硬以及特定的味道/气味偏好.
- 有效的ARFID治疗通常需要修改现有疗法,并强调父母心理教育和家庭参与.
结论:
- 虽然基于证据的治疗方法由于诊断的新性仍在不断发展,但修改现有疗法显示出有前途.
- 针对家长的心理教育和针对家庭的治疗计划对于成功管理ARFID至关重要.
- 与家长建立信任和合作至关重要,因为有效的ARFID干预措施可能与直觉相反.
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