重新思考以色列犹太人的子宫
Elly Teman1, Orit Chorowicz Bar-Am2
1Department of Behavioral Sciences, Ruppin Academic Center, Emek Hefer, Israel.
Medical anthropology
|July 22, 2025
概括
东正教犹太人的代孕产妇从非犹太人的卵子中孕育出婴儿,以解决犹太人的身份的复杂问题. 尽管有"犹太子宫"的概念,他们认为自己是东道主,而不是母亲,挑战传统的母系血统.
科学领域:
- 宗教社会学是宗教社会学.
- 犹太研究是犹太人的研究.
- 生物伦理学生物伦理学
背景情况:
- 犹太人的身份传统上是母系的,这给辅助生殖技术带来了挑战.
- 东正教拉比当局越来越多地要求通过非犹太捐赠者的卵子产生的婴儿依.
- 怀孕代孕在犹太法律 (halakha) 中引入了与生理和社会产妇有关的复杂性.
研究的目的:
- 探索正统的犹太-以色列孕产妇代孕如何看待他们的角色,当携带婴儿怀孕与非犹太捐赠者的卵子.
- 了解那些面对婴儿犹太身份不确定性的代孕产妇的生活经历和哈拉基导航.
- 探讨国家对"犹太子宫"的认可与代孕产妇的自我认知之间的紧张关系.
主要方法:
- 有关深入采访的定性研究.
- 采访了25名正统的犹太-以色列女性,她们是作为妊娠代孕的代孕产妇.
- 分析的重点是他们对代孕,犹太身份和'犹太子宫'教义的概念化.
主要成果:
- 代孕妇将自己的角色视为一种慈爱的行为 (chesed),强调照顾而不是生理或法律的母亲.
- 他们反对他们的"犹太子宫"赋予婴儿犹太身份的观点,认为自己是临时的东道主.
- 这种抵抗凸显了拉比/国家观点与代孕者的个人和道德框架之间的断裂.
结论:
- 这项研究揭示了在现代生殖技术的背景下对犹太身份传播的细微理解.
- 怀孕代孕妇的经历挑战了母系血统的简单化应用,强调了个人代理和道德考虑的重要性.
- 需要在宗教当局,国家和个人之间进行进一步的对话,以应对这些复杂的生殖场景.
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