肺炎球菌血清型的分布和现有和管道中的肺炎球菌疫苗的覆盖范围
Laura M King1, Kristin L Andrejko2, Miwako Kobayashi2
1School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States.
The Journal of infectious diseases
|July 22, 2025
概括
下一代肺炎球菌合疫苗 (PCV) 的血清型覆盖率越来越高,PCV31提供了对IPD和ARI等肺炎球菌疾病的最广泛的保护. 这些先进的疫苗每年可以预防数百万例感染,为未来的公共卫生政策提供信息.
科学领域:
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 下一代肺炎球菌合疫苗 (PCV) 旨在向越来越多的肺炎球菌血清型.
- 评估现有和管道中的PCV的血清型覆盖率对于了解它们对侵入性肺炎球菌疾病 (IPD) 和急性呼吸道感染 (ARI) 的潜在影响至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 评估由当前和正在发展的PCV中包含的血清型引起的IPD和ARI的比例.
- 估计这些疫苗可以预防的美国肺炎球菌疾病的年度负担.
主要方法:
- 使用马尔科夫链蒙特卡洛方法来估计ARIs和IPD的血清型分布和疾病比例.
- 结合了从流行病学研究和活性细菌核监测中获得的数据.
- 通过将发病率乘以PCV向疾病比例和疫苗有效性来计算可预防的疾病病例.
主要成果:
- PCV血清型覆盖率有显著的变化,PCV31针对多达68%的儿科AOM和87%的成人非细菌性肺炎.
- 针对PCV的血清型占儿科病例的42-85%和成人IPD病例的42-94%.
- 每年的可预防疾病负担包括数以百万计的ARI,数以千计的肺炎住院治疗和数以千计的IPD病例.
结论:
- 在各种肺炎球菌疾病中,PCV15的覆盖率最低,而PCV31的覆盖率最高.
- PCV21还显示出在解决成人肺炎球菌疾病负担方面具有重大潜力.
- 比较负担估计可以指导未来的疫苗政策决策.
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