医疗保健文本处理中的人工智能:用于命名实体识别的审查
Samuel Santana de Almeida1, Raphael Silva Fontes2, Luca Pareja Credidio Freire Alves3
1Postgraduate Program in Computer Science (PROCC), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil.
Frontiers in artificial intelligence
|July 22, 2025
概括
像BERT这样的高级语言模型显著改善了医疗文本中的命名实体识别 (NER),达到97%以上的准确性. 这一突破增强了医疗保健中的信息检索和临床决策支持系统.
科学领域:
- 自然语言处理 (NLP) 是一种自然语言处理.
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
- 医疗保健中的人工智能
背景情况:
- 传统的方法 (基于规则的,词嵌入,序列标记) 与医疗文本的复杂性,可变性和数据要求作斗争.
- 命名实体识别 (NER) 对于分析医疗保健文本,识别疾病和药物名称至关重要.
- 有效的NER支持信息检索,个性化医疗和临床决策支持.
研究的目的:
- 系统地绘制和评估先进的语言模型,特别是基于变压器的模型,如BERT,用于医疗NER.
- 将变压器模型的性能与处理复杂医疗文本的传统和混合方法进行比较.
- 分析全球对这一研究领域的贡献,并讨论对医疗保健系统的影响.
主要方法:
- 进行了系统的映射审查,重点是医疗NER的基于变压器的语言模型 (例如BERT).
- 分析了模型捕捉医学文本中的语义依赖性和语言细微差别的能力.
- 与CNN和RNN等传统方法比较绩效指标 (例如F1分数).
主要成果:
- 基于变压器的模型,特别是BERT和ClinicalBERT,始终实现高性能,F1得分往往超过97%.
- 这些先进的模型在医疗NER任务中明显优于传统和混合方法.
- 中国和美国是该领域研究的主要贡献者.
结论:
- 基于变压器的模型代表了医疗NER的重大进步,提供了卓越的准确性和灵活性.
- 这些发现强调了将先进的NER技术集成到医疗保健系统中的潜力,例如巴西的SUS.
- 对NLP进展的持续更新对于最大限度地提高NER在医疗保健中的相关性和应用至关重要.
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