年轻和老年人的潜在记忆表现的元认知:参考点是否会影响我们的判断?
Chiara Scarampi1,2, Matthias Kliegel1,2,3
1Centre for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability (CIGEV), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
概括
年龄较大的成年人.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 衰老的神经科学 衰老的神经科学
- 人类的记忆 人类的记忆
背景情况:
- 老龄化中的元认知和记忆是复杂的.
- 老年人经常报告记忆问题,但可以表现出对潜在记忆 (PM) 任务的过度自信.
- 了解衰老中的元认知判断对于记忆评估至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查参考点 (自我与同行),评估时间和主观年龄如何影响老化中PM表现的元认知判断.
- 检查年轻人和老年人的前性和后性元认知判断.
- 探索程序因素对记忆自我感知的影响.
主要方法:
- 两个预先注册的在线实验,涉及年轻人和老年人.
- 一个基于事件的前性记忆 (PM) 任务,嵌入到词汇决策任务中.
- 超认知评估包括任务前的预测,任务后的判断和记忆问卷,使用操纵的参考点和评估顺序.
主要成果:
- 参与者在与同龄人比较时表现出过度自信,但对一般预测缺乏信心;回顾性判断得到了更好的校准.
- 老年人报告说,尽管表现相似,但自我感知记忆比年轻人更好.
- 主观年龄与老年人过度自信有正相关.
- 在问卷之前执行PM任务减少了自我评级,增加了报告的失败.
结论:
- 超认知判断对参考点和评估顺序非常敏感.
- 外部比较和程序因素极大地影响了记忆的自我评估.
- 这些发现突显了超认知在衰老中的动态性质及其对上下文影响的敏感性.
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