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Longitudinal Research02:20

Longitudinal Research

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Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...
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Longitudinal Studies01:26

Longitudinal Studies

248
Longitudinal studies are also widely used in other medical and social science fields. For instance, in cardiovascular research, they can monitor patients' health over decades to identify risk factors for heart disease, such as high cholesterol or smoking, and evaluate the long-term effectiveness of preventive measures. Similarly, in mental health studies, researchers might follow individuals from adolescence into adulthood to understand the development and progression of conditions like...
248
Marcia's Theory of Identity Status01:26

Marcia's Theory of Identity Status

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James Marcia's identity status model provides a framework for understanding how adolescents navigate identity formation through varying degrees of exploration and commitment. Marcia's model builds on Erik Erikson's theories of psychosocial development, focusing specifically on how adolescents reconcile individual aspirations with societal expectations. His model describes identity formation as a dynamic process where adolescents move between different states depending on their level...
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Life Histories01:29

Life Histories

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Overview
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Mean free path and Mean free time01:22

Mean free path and Mean free time

4.0K
Consider the gas molecules in a cylinder. They move in a random motion as they collide with each other and change speed and direction. The average of all the path lengths between collisions is known as the "mean free path."
4.0K
Cross-Sectional Research01:50

Cross-Sectional Research

11.9K
In cross-sectional research, a researcher compares multiple segments of the population at the same time. If they were interested in people's dietary habits, the researcher might directly compare different groups of people by age. Instead of following a group of people for 20 years to see how their dietary habits changed from decade to decade, the researcher would study a group of 20-year-old individuals and compare them to a group of 30-year-old individuals and a group of 40-year-old...
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相关实验视频

Updated: Sep 14, 2025

Trajectory Data Analyses for Pedestrian Space-time Activity Study
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Trajectory Data Analyses for Pedestrian Space-time Activity Study

Published on: February 25, 2013

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土地所有权和研究轨迹

Giorgio Tripodi1,2,3,4, Xiang Zheng5, Yifan Qian1,2,3,4

  • 1Center for Science of Science and Innovation, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|July 22, 2025
PubMed
概括

美国的学术任期在很大程度上影响了教师的研究,在任期之前提高了产出,并在之后鼓励高风险,新的工作. 任期后的研究趋势因学科而异,以实验室为基础的领域保持高产量,而其他领域下降.

关键词:
职业发展轨迹 职业发展轨迹计算社会科学 计算社会科学创新 创新 创新 创新 创新 创新 创新科学的科学科学科学的科学.持有权 持有权 持有权

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Last Updated: Sep 14, 2025

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科学领域:

  • 学术研究学术研究.
  • 教师职业生涯的发展轨迹教师职业生涯的发展轨迹
  • 学术出版学术出版活动

背景情况:

  • 任期是美国学术体系的关键组成部分.
  • 任期对教师研究成果和职业发展的影响尚未完全理解.
  • 现有的理论表明,持有权可以通过选择,激励或鼓励冒险来影响研究.

研究的目的:

  • 实证地研究任期和教师研究轨迹之间的关系.
  • 分析任期如何影响不同学科的研究成果,新性和影响.
  • 提供数据驱动的洞察力,了解学术职业生涯中任期的作用.

主要方法:

  • 来自七个来源的综合数据,涵盖了15个学科的12,000多名教职员工.
  • 随着时间的推移,追踪了个别教师的出版率和研究特征.
  • 基于任职地位和学科领域的比较研究轨迹.

主要成果:

  • 在任职轨道上,教师出版率增加,在授予任职之前达到顶峰.
  • 任期后的研究成果因学科而异:在基于实验室的领域 (如生物学,化学) 高,在非基于实验室的领域 (如数学,社会学) 下降.
  • 常任教师从事更多的新,高风险的研究,尽管引用影响可能会减少.

结论:

  • 研究轨迹与任职年份密切相关.
  • 任期作为一个重要的转折点,影响学术研究的数量和性质.
  • 这些发现为了解土地所有制对科学生产力和创新的影响提供了经验基础.