性发育差异中的耻辱:一个范围审查
Canice E Crerand1,2, Kristina I Suorsa-Johnson3, Michelle M Ernst4,5
1Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States.
Journal of pediatric psychology
|July 22, 2025
概括
对于有性别发展差异 (DSD) 的人来说,耻辱感经常被报告,但很少使用验证的工具来测量. 未来的研究应该专注于标准化的耻辱评价,以便更好地进行临床查和干预.
科学领域:
- 医学科学 医学科学 医学科学
- 心理学 心理学 心理学
- 社会学 社会学 社会学
背景情况:
- 性发育差异 (DSD) 涵盖了一系列影响性决定和差异化的条件.
- 患有DSD的个体面临着严重的污名化风险,影响他们的福祉.
- 了解耻辱的性质和程度对于有效的支持和护理至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 进行与性别发展差异有关的报道的耻辱经历的范围审查.
- 评估DSD个体,他们的照顾者和公众如何描述耻辱感.
- 发现DSD研究中对耻辱的测量方面的差距.
主要方法:
- 在多个数据库 (如PubMed,Scopus,Embase) 进行了全面的文献搜索.
- 包括的研究是同行评审的,用英语,并在1955年至2024年8月之间发表.
- 耻辱被分为感觉,颁布和系统/结构形式.
主要成果:
- 在最初的6,892篇文章中,有206篇被纳入了审查.
- 与DSD疾病相关的耻辱感在各种DSD诊断和告密者群体中被报告.
- 在80%的研究中报告了感觉耻辱,在62%的研究中报告了实践耻辱,在34%的研究中报告了结构性/系统性耻辱.
- 只有25%的纳入研究专门旨在测量耻辱感,很少有人使用经过验证的DSD特定措施.
结论:
- 耻辱感是整个DSD条件的频谱中普遍存在的问题,但它很少和不一致地测量.
- 评估耻辱的主要方法涉及开放式问题,突出了对标准化评估工具的需求.
- 临床实践应纳入耻辱查和干预措施,以未来的研究为基础,采用验证的耻辱措施.
相关概念视频
Socioemotional Experience and Gender Development
79
Social-emotional experiences and cultural influences play significant roles in shaping gender development. During middle childhood, from ages 6 to 11, peer groups become dominant in reinforcing gender norms. Children in this age group often align with same-gender peer groups, which actively encourage behaviors that conform to traditional gender roles. For instance, boys may be discouraged from engaging in activities perceived as feminine, reinforcing culturally dictated norms about masculinity...
79
Development of the Sexual Organs in the Embryo and Fetus
1.5K
Development of the reproductive organs in an embryo starts from a bipotential state. This means the early embryo can develop either male or female reproductive organs. The formation of these organs begins with the growth of gonadal ridges that arise from the intermediate mesoderm during the fifth week of development.
Near the gonadal ridges, two duct systems are present: the mesonephric ducts (Wolffian ducts) and paramesonephric ducts (Müllerian ducts). These ducts form the basis for the...
Near the gonadal ridges, two duct systems are present: the mesonephric ducts (Wolffian ducts) and paramesonephric ducts (Müllerian ducts). These ducts form the basis for the...
1.5K
Psychosexual Stages of Personality: Genital
1.0K
The genital stage is the final phase of Sigmund Freud's theory of psychosexual development, beginning at puberty, around age 12. During this stage, sexual energy shifts from self-focused interests to external individuals, marking the development of mature adult sexuality. Freud saw this phase as a time of sexual reawakening, with desires directed toward others outside the family. A healthy transition into this stage, according to Freud, signifies the emergence of two key aspects of adult...
1.0K
Psychosexual Stages of Personality: Phallic
1.0K
The third stage of psychosexual development proposed by Freud is the phallic stage, occurring between the ages of 3 and 6. During this period, children become aware of their bodies and the differences between males and females. The erogenous zone in this stage is the genitals, and conflicts arise as children develop desires toward the opposite-sex parent. Boys experience the Oedipus complex, where they desire their mother and view their father as a rival. This leads to castration anxiety, the...
1.0K
Signs of Puberty
616
Puberty is a critical phase, typically beginning between the ages of 8 and 13 in girls and 9 and 14 in boys, though timing can vary based on genetics, environmental factors, and overall health. This period is characterized by the development of secondary sexual characteristics and the attainment of reproductive potential. Endocrine changes underpin puberty, with hormonal surges of Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) instigated by Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)...
616
Psychosexual Stages of Personality: Latency
687
Following the phallic stage in Freud's theory of psychosexual development, children enter a phase called the latency period, which lasts from approximately six to twelve years of age. Unlike earlier stages, where sexual impulses played a central role, Freud believed these impulses are repressed during the latency period, becoming part of the unconscious. This stage is often described as a time of psychological calm after the turbulence of the phallic stage.
The latency period is not...
The latency period is not...
687


