别人的耳朵:超认知听觉视角,包括年轻人和老年人
Chiara Valzolgher1, Elena Gessa, Elena Giovanelli
1Center for Mind/Brain Sciences (CIMeC), University of Trento, Italy.
i-Perception
|July 23, 2025
概括
年轻的成年人高估了老年人的倾听努力,而老年人低估了自己的倾听努力与虚构的老年角色相比. 这揭示了社会元认知和听觉视角采集的年龄相关差异.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 听觉感知是一种听觉感知.
- 社会认知是指社会认知.
背景情况:
- 了解他人的主观经验,就像倾听努力一样,是社会认知的关键.
- 超认知,或思考自己的认知,延伸到社会背景 (社会超认知).
- 听觉感知和所涉及的努力可以随着年龄大大不同.
研究的目的:
- 调查与年龄相关的差异,将听力体验和努力归因于自己和虚构的他人.
- 探索社会元认知如何适用于不同年龄组的听觉感知.
- 检查年轻人和老年人之间听觉视角采集的潜在偏差.
主要方法:
- 两项在线实验与听力正常的年轻人和老年人进行.
- 参与者评价了他们自己的听力体验和努力,以及虚构人物 (相同/不同年龄) 的听力体验和努力.
- 场景涉及不同的听力需求,其中一个实验包括一个听力损失的角色.
主要成果:
- 年轻的成年人始终认为,不管听力状况如何,老年角色的倾听力更大.
- 年长的成年人报告说,他们对自己所付出的努力比对虚构的老年人物所付出的努力少.
- 年长的成年人认为自己更接近年轻的角色,而不是老的角色.
结论:
- 年轻人和老年人之间在元认知听觉视角采集方面存在显著差异.
- 年长的成年人可能表现出自我服务的偏见,低估了他们与他人相比倾听的努力.
- 这些发现突出了与听觉体验相关的社会元认知中的特定年龄模式.
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