一个实施科学框架,以了解大规模犬狂犬病疫苗接种的低覆盖率
Ricardo Castillo-Neyra1,2,3, Lizzie Ortiz-Cam3, Jorge L Cañari-Casaño3
1Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
PLoS neglected tropical diseases
|July 23, 2025
概括
大规模犬疫苗接种活动面临社区和实施者障碍,包括沟通不良和资金问题. 改善参与的策略包括加强联盟和提高竞选活动的可访问性.
科学领域:
- 兽医公共卫生 兽医公共卫生
- 实施科学 实施科学
- 一个健康战略
背景情况:
- 在许多非洲,亚洲和拉丁美洲国家,由狗传播的人类狂犬病仍然是一个重大威胁.
- 大规模犬疫苗接种活动 (MDVC) 对于消除狂犬病至关重要,但在实现持续覆盖方面面临挑战.
- 实施研究综合框架 (CFIR) 可以确定有效实施MDVC的障碍.
研究的目的:
- 应用CFIR来了解阿雷基帕 (秘鲁) 大规模狗疫苗接种活动的障碍.
- 确定社区成员和参与犬狂犬病控制的公共卫生人员所面临的挑战.
- 为改善MDVC参与和有效性的战略提供信息.
主要方法:
- 开展了7个重点小组,共56名社区参与者,收集有关狂犬病和疫苗接种的观点.
- 与69名公共卫生人员 (实施者和当局) 举行了一次研讨会,探讨COVID-19后的MDVC挑战.
- 利用CFIR框架分析了五个领域的障碍:创新,外部环境,内部环境,个人和实施.
主要成果:
- 社区的障碍包括沟通不良,疫苗接种时间短,合作分散.
- 个人层面的障碍包括由于COVID-19而导致狂犬病风险感知下降,人体疫苗接种的优先级,以及对狗疫苗接种的财务影响.
- 实施者的障碍包括材料不足,责任不清楚,评估时间不足,财务约束和制度承诺分散.
结论:
- 确定了阻碍MDVC参与和有效性的关键障碍.
- 共同设计的增强MDVC的战略包括加强市政联盟和改善竞选宣传.
- 建议的解决方案包括适当的培训,固定的接种点,以及扩大竞选时间以促进参与.
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