听众调整对沟通者的记忆的影响:沟通者自己最初判断的作用
Ullrich Wagner1, Gerald Echterhoff1
1Department of Psychology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Memory (Hove, England)
|July 23, 2025
概括
人类的记忆可以被沟通所影响. 即使沟通者有自己的初步判断,他们的记忆仍然与观众的态度保持一致,这表明说是相信的效应.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 社会心理学 社会心理学
- 人类记忆研究 人类记忆研究
背景情况:
- 人类记忆容易产生偏见,特别是在社会互动和沟通中.
- 说是相信 (SIB) 效应描述了沟通者的记忆是如何通过调整消息到观众的态度,培养共享现实的偏见.
- 以前的理论表明,沟通者最初的判断可能会影响后来的记忆偏见.
研究的目的:
- 调查沟通者自身判断 (OJ) 在调节受众一致记忆偏差中的作用.
- 为了确定最初的个人判断是否会影响记忆回忆的评估基调.
主要方法:
- 进行了三项研究,共有1070名参与者.
- 评估了参与者对目标的判断 (OJ).
- 对目标信息的回忆被分析为评估偏见及其与OJ和受众一致性的关系.
主要成果:
- 沟通者自己的判断 (OJ) 影响了他们记忆的评价语调.
- 没有证据表明与观众一致的回忆偏差是由参与者最初自己的判断的价值 (中立,正面或负面) 调节的.
- 无论沟通者最初的个人立场如何,都始终观察到与观众一致的记忆偏差.
结论:
- 说是相信 (SIB) 效应,一个与观众一致的记忆偏见,即使在沟通者持有先前存在的个人判断时也会持续存在.
- 最初的自我判断似乎没有缓解这种特定的记忆偏差,突出了社会沟通对记忆的强烈影响.
- 这些发现对理解记忆,社会影响和日常沟通有意义,尤其是在讨论预先形成的意见的话题时.
更多相关视频
07:01Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment
Published on: September 20, 2020
4.9K
09:09Foreign Accent and Forensic Speaker Identification in Voice Lineups: The Influence of Acoustic Features Based on Prosody
Published on: September 27, 2024
530
相关概念视频
01:25The Anchoring-and-Adjustment Heuristic
7.4K
In order to make good decisions, we use our knowledge and our reasoning. Often, this knowledge and reasoning is sound and solid. However, sometimes, we are swayed by biases or by others manipulating a situation. For example, let’s say you and three friends wanted to rent a house and had a combined target budget of $1,600. The realtor shows you only very run-down houses for $1,600 and then shows you a very nice house for $2,000. Might you ask each person to pay more in rent to get the...
7.4K
03:26Framing Effects
7.5K
Information is everywhere and its presentation—such as how and when items are presented—can impact our perceptions and decisions surrounding the info. This broad concept umbrellas framing effects—influences that occur due to the way information is framed in its appearance, whether it’s purely the order or the specific wording of a message. Let’s take a look at numerous ways in which two versions of something can objectively say the same thing, yet we respond in...
7.5K
01:12Hindsight Biases
3.9K
Hindsight bias leads you to believe that the event you just experienced was predictable, even though it really wasn’t. In other words, you knew all along that things would turn out the way they did. Can you relate this to the phrase "Hindsight is 20/20" now?
3.9K
01:31Confirmation Biases
7.2K
The confirmation bias is the tendency to focus on information that confirms our existing beliefs and ignore information that is inconsistent with our expectations. For example, if you think that your professor is not very nice, you notice all of the instances of rude behavior exhibited by the professor while ignoring the countless pleasant interactions he is involved in on a daily basis. Have you ever fallen prey to the confirmation bias, either as the source or target of such bias?
7.2K
01:22Eyewitness Memory
166
Eyewitness memory refers to the recollection of events by someone who has directly witnessed them, often serving as critical evidence in legal settings. This type of memory is commonly used in criminal cases where a witness describes details like a suspect's appearance, clothing, or behavior during a crime. However, despite its perceived reliability, eyewitness memory is prone to significant errors.
One such error is memory distortion, which occurs because human memory does not function...
One such error is memory distortion, which occurs because human memory does not function...
166
02:20Routes of Persuasion
65.3K
Persuasion is the process of changing our attitude toward something based on some kind of communication. Much of the persuasion we experience comes from outside forces. How do people convince others to change their attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors? What communications do you receive that attempt to persuade you to change your attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors?
65.3K