通过补贴政策探索水的负担能力
Thalita Salgado Fagundes1, Rui Cunha Marques2, Diogo Filipe da Cunha Ferreira3
1Civil Engineering Research and Innovation for Sustainability (CERIS), Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal; Lusófona University, RCM2+, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, University of São Paulo, Avenida Trabalhador são-carlense, 400, São Carlos-SP, Brazil.
Water research
|July 23, 2025
概括
巴西新的水社会关税政策旨在改善供水,但可能会给公用事业和非受益者带来压力. 该研究强调了区域差异和需要公平的补贴结构,以确保可持续的水和环境卫生服务.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 环境政策 环境政策
- 经济学 经济学 经济学
背景情况:
- 获得清洁水和卫生设施是人权,但负担能力仍然是一个全球性挑战,特别是在低收入和中等收入国家.
- 巴西于2024年颁布了第14,898号法律,建立了供水和卫生设施的国家社会关税,以解决负担能力障碍.
- 这一政策代表了在水和环境卫生部门的重大,罕见的全国性干预.
研究的目的:
- 评估巴西对供水和卫生设施的新社会关税政策的财务影响.
- 分析对潜在受益人,公用事业收入和非受益家庭账单的影响.
- 识别经济适用性和政策可持续性的区域差异.
主要方法:
- 利用了来自巴西社会发展部的数据.
- 研究了三种不同的场景,以建模政策影响.
- 评估对公用事业公司和不同消费者群体的财务影响.
主要成果:
- 在水和卫生设施负担能力方面发现了显著的区域差异,北方州的压力更大.
- 交叉补贴是主要的融资机制,可能会增加非受益家庭的账单.
- 这种政策给公用事业公司带来了财务风险,特别是在经济不利的地区.
结论:
- 可负担性分析对于设计水务部门有效的公共政策至关重要.
- 公平和可持续的补贴结构对于平衡改善水资源获取与公用事业财务可行性至关重要.
- 该研究强调需要仔细考虑全国社会关税政策的财务影响.
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