在全球气温上升中的比赛:在耐力跑步中对与热量有关的疾病进行全面审查
Sophia Görgens1, Attila J Hertelendy1,2, Fadi Issa1
1BIDMC Disaster Medicine Fellowship, Department of Emergency Medicine, https://ror.org/04drvxt59Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Disaster medicine and public health preparedness
|July 24, 2025
概括
全球气温上升增加了耐力运动期间施加热中风 (EHS) 的风险. 早期的冰水浸泡是EHS最有效的治疗方法,除了早期开始时间和冷却站等预防措施外.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 运动医学 运动医学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 由于气候变化,全球气温正在上升.
- 体育赛事,特别是马拉松,越来越多地在更温暖的条件下举行.
- 这种趋势在运动员中增加了运动热中风 (EHS) 的风险.
研究的目的:
- 审查关于耐力运动中运动热中风的现有文献.
- 确定EHS的风险因素和有效的治疗和缓解策略.
- 为了突出环境温度上升对运动员健康的影响.
主要方法:
- 在多个科学数据库 (Ovid MEDLINE,Embase,CINAHL,SPORTDiscus,Scopus,Web of Science) 中进行了全面的文献搜索.
- 关键词被精心挑选,以确保相关的结果.
- 标题,摘要和全文的选使用Covidence进行,然后进行数据分析.
主要成果:
- 总共有3918篇文章被检索,其中38篇最终被纳入了审查中.
- 包含的研究包括案例报告,回顾性审查和前性观察性研究,重点关注半程马拉松,马拉松和其他长途比赛.
- 较高的环境温度始终与EHS发病率的增加有关,病例报告和回顾性审查中平均温度分别为21.3°C和19.8°C.
结论:
- 由于全球气温的上升,运动员面临着更高的EHS风险.
- 立即浸入冰水是EHS的主要和最有效的治疗方法.
- 实施较早的比赛开始时间和提供冷却站可以帮助减轻EHS的发生率,需要建立预防协议.
相关概念视频
Responses to Heat and Cold Stress
Every organism has an optimum temperature range within which healthy growth and physiological functioning can occur. At the ends of this range, there will be a minimum and maximum temperature that interrupt biological processes.
Factors Affecting Body Temperature
As a nurse, it is vital to understand the factors affecting body temperature to monitor variations and effectively evaluate deviations from regular.
Factors may include:
Factors may include:
Increased Body Temperature
A body temperature above 38°C (100.4 °F) is known as fever or pyrexia, and a person with fever is termed 'febrile.' Typically, the hypothalamus, a part of the brain that acts as the body's thermostat, regulates body temperature through a thermoregulatory setpoint. It receives signals from cold and warm thermal receptors throughout the body and adjusts the body's temperature accordingly. Fever occurs when this hypothalamic setpoint is altered, usually in response to an infection or illness.
Methods of reducing fever
The signs and symptoms of fever include hot and dry skin, flushed face, thirst, muscle aches, anorexia, headache, tachycardia, tachypnea, and fatigue. Elevated body temperature is reduced using two methods: pharmacological and nonpharmacological. Proper identification and treatment of the root cause of a fever is of utmost importance.
Pharmacological Methods of Reducing Fever:
Pharmacological Methods of Reducing Fever:
Requirements for Human Life
The Earth and its atmosphere have provided humans with air, water, and food, but these are not the only requirements for survival. Humans also require a specific range of temperature and pressure that the Earth and its atmosphere provides.
Oxygen
Atmospheric air is only about 20 percent oxygen, but that oxygen is a key component of the chemical reactions that keep the body alive, including the reactions that produce ATP. Brain cells are susceptible to a lack of oxygen because they require a...
Oxygen
Atmospheric air is only about 20 percent oxygen, but that oxygen is a key component of the chemical reactions that keep the body alive, including the reactions that produce ATP. Brain cells are susceptible to a lack of oxygen because they require a...
Homeostatic Imbalances in Body Temperature
Hyperthermia occurs when the body's temperature becomes unusually high, often due to heat exposure, intense physical activity, or certain illnesses. This condition can create a dangerous cycle where elevated body temperature increases the metabolic rate, generating more heat and potentially leading to organ failure and brain damage. A severe form of hyperthermia, called heat stroke, can raise body temperature to life-threatening levels. Fever, on the other hand, is a controlled form of...


