解开自闭症青少年认知灵活性和焦虑之间的关联:现实世界的灵活性与基于绩效的任务切换
Farah Mahmud1,2,3, Erin Kang3, Rachel G McDonald3
1Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States.
Frontiers in psychiatry
|July 24, 2025
概括
现实世界的灵活性困难,而不是任务执行,预测了自闭症青少年的焦虑. 这一发现凸显了评估日常挑战的重要性,以了解和治疗这个人群中的焦虑.
科学领域:
- 神经发育障碍 神经发育障碍
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 临床心理学 临床心理学
背景情况:
- 焦虑症状在自闭症青少年中很常见,但经常被忽视.
- 认知灵活性 (CF) 的差异可能会导致自闭症患者的焦虑脆弱性.
- 了解关联CF和焦虑的机制对于有效治疗至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 研究自闭症青少年认知灵活性和焦虑之间的关联.
- 要区分现实世界的灵活性挑战与基于任务的表现对焦虑的影响.
- 在自闭症儿童和青少年中为焦虑提供有针对性的干预信息.
主要方法:
- 采用多种方法来评估40名自闭症青少年 (8-17岁) 的认知灵活性.
- 通过家长/自我报告调查 (灵活性表,BRIEF-2/BRIEF-SR) 来衡量现实世界的灵活性.
- 基于任务的认知灵活性使用神经认知测试 (Trail Making,Verbal Fluency,颜色-词语干扰) 进行评估.
主要成果:
- 减少现实世界的灵活性显著预测了更高的焦虑水平 (父母和自我报告),即使在控制自闭症特征之后.
- 在任务切换神经认知指标上的表现较差与焦虑的增加无关.
- 这表明,与焦虑有关的感知到的现实世界的灵活性和客观任务执行之间的区别.
结论:
- 现实世界的灵活性挑战与自闭症青少年的焦虑密切相关.
- 这些发现支持在评估焦虑脆弱性时区分认知灵活性类型.
- 结果可以指导开发量身定制的评估和治疗这种人群中的焦虑.
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