什么使专业应急计划有效?-中国33个县城的铁路运营案例研究
Cuixi Li1, Yibao Wang1, Wen Qing1
1School of Public Policy and Management (School of Emergency Management), China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China.
PloS one
|July 24, 2025
概括
这项研究量化评估了33个中国城市铁路运输紧急计划,发现它们总体上是好的,但需要在恢复,应用和准备方面进行改进. 这项研究为加强城市铁路安全和风险管理政策提供了见解.
科学领域:
- 城市规划和灾害管理
- 运输安全和风险评估.
- 政策分析和评估 政策分析和评估
背景情况:
- 有效的应急响应计划对于城市铁路运输安全至关重要,特别是在地下环境中.
- 现有的研究往往缺乏对城市铁路运输紧急计划的整体定量评估.
- 本研究解决了对这些重要安全文件进行全面评估的需要.
研究的目的:
- 量化评估33个中国城市城市城市轨道交通运输紧急响应计划的一致性和完整性.
- 在这些应急计划中确定需要改进的具体领域.
- 为优化城市铁路运输紧急计划提供经验参考,并为风险管理政策提供信息.
主要方法:
- 城市铁路运输运营应急计划 (URTOEP) 的评估指数系统的开发,具有9个主要变量和42个次要变量.
- 应用文本分析和政策模式一致性 (PMC) 指数模型进行定量评估.
- 对代表性计划的平均PMC指数和PMC表面图的分析.
主要成果:
- 33个URTOEP获得了良好的整体成绩,平均PMC指数为7.83.
- 11个计划被评为优秀,22个计划被评为好.
- 需要在恢复和重建,计划应用和预防准备方面取得重大改进.
结论:
- 虽然城市轨道交通紧急计划通常设计良好,但需要有针对性的改进.
- 定量评估揭示了结构性缺陷,特别是在特定的准备和反应阶段.
- 这些发现支持优化应急计划,并为城市风险管理策略提供信息.
相关概念视频
Applications of GIS: Disaster Management and Emergency Response
155
Geographic Information System (GIS) technology is essential for risk identification, action prioritization, and resource optimization in critical situations like flooding and earthquakes. By integrating spatial and demographic data, GIS provides a comprehensive framework for emergency response.GIS integrates data layers, like rainfall intensity, topography, elevation profiles, and river levels, to model high-risk flood zones. These layers assess areas susceptible to flooding based on their...
155
Manipulation and Analysis
61
GIS manipulation and analysis functions are vital for decision-making and planning. These activities range from data retrieval tasks, such as selecting information based on specific criteria, to advanced analytical techniques that address complex spatial problems.One critical GIS analysis method is overlaying, which combines multiple data layers to examine impacts. For example, overlaying a river-dammed lake boundary with road networks can identify affected infrastructure. Another common...
61
Selected Data About Geographic Locations
69
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) rely on two core types of data: spatial data and attribute data.Spatial DataSpatial data defines the physical location of features within a coordinate system, typically expressed in terms of latitude and longitude. It provides precise positioning for elements like roads, rivers, or buildings.Attribute DataAttribute data complements spatial data by adding descriptive information about these features. For example, a road's spatial data includes its start and...
69
Hazard Rate
188
The hazard rate, also known as the hazard function or failure rate, is a statistical measure used to describe the instantaneous rate at which an event occurs, given that the event has not yet happened. From a probabilistic perspective, it represents the likelihood that a subject will experience the event in a very small time interval, conditional on surviving up to the beginning of that interval. In terms of frequency, the hazard rate can be viewed as the ratio of the number of events to the...
188
Design Example: Alignment of a Road Line Using GIS
105
The alignment of a road line using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is a critical process in civil engineering, combining advanced technology with practical decision-making. This methodology begins with the collection of geospatial data, including information on land cover, geomorphology, drainage patterns, slope, and contour details. Such data is typically acquired through satellite imagery and GIS tools, offering a comprehensive understanding of the terrain.Once the data is gathered, it...
105
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation III: AED Use
70
Introduction to AEDAn Automated External Defibrillator (AED) is a portable medical device that analyzes the heart's rhythm and, if necessary, delivers an electrical shock to help the heart re-establish an effective rhythm during sudden cardiac arrest (SCA). SCA occurs when the heart suddenly and unexpectedly stops beating, leading to a loss of blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. In such emergencies, time is of the essence, and using an AED, combined with Cardiopulmonary...
70


