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与认知和血管风险因素相关的大脑扩散特征的纵向变化:ARIC-NCS研究

Yuto Uchida¹, Kengo Onda¹, Kei Nishimaki¹

¹Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.

|July 24, 2025

概括

通过扩散MRI测量的大脑微结构完整性的下降,与老年人的认知功能变化有关. 糖尿病和吸烟等血管风险因素会影响这些大脑变化和认知衰退.

科学领域:

神经成像是一种神经成像.
老年学是一门学科.
认知神经科学认知神经科学

背景情况:

使用扩散MRI对大脑微结构完整性的纵向变化与认知和血管风险的关系尚不清楚.
研究这些关联对于理解老年人认知衰老至关重要.

研究的目的:

为了检查分数异构 (FA) 和平均扩散率 (MD) 的年化变化是否与非痴呆老年人的认知领域变化有关.
确定血管风险因素如何改变这些关联.

主要方法:

利用了来自社区神经认知研究中的动脉样硬化风险 (n=6,471) 的纵向数据.
包括2011-2019年间至少两次扩散MRI和神经认知评估的参与者,不包括基线痴呆症患者.
采用线性混合效应模型来评估140个大脑区域的FA/MD值与认知得分 (执行功能,语言,记忆) 之间的关联.

主要成果:

左带带皮带束中FA的减少与执行功能和语言的减少相关.
在左海马体中MD的增加与记忆力下降有关.
根据2型糖尿病和吸烟的存在,FA和MD的年化变化有所不同.

结论:

大脑微结构完整性的恶化 (较低的FA,较高的MD) 与执行功能,语言和记忆的认知衰退有关.
血管风险因素,特别是2型糖尿病和吸烟,影响大脑完整性和认知功能的纵向变化.
研究结果表明,管理血管风险因素可能通过保持大脑微观结构完整性来延缓认知衰退.

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