弥合数字沟:人工智能作为初级保健机构健康公平的催化剂
Ayokunle Osonuga1, Adewoyin A Osonuga2, Sandra Chinaza Fidelis3
1Coltishall Medical Practice, NHS GP Surgery, Norfolk NR12 7HA, United Kingdom; Department of Primary Care, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom.
International journal of medical informatics
|July 24, 2025
概括
人工智能 (AI) 可以通过改善诊断和获取来减少初级保健中的健康不平等. 然而,对于公平的AI实施,必须解决算法偏见和数字沟等挑战.
科学领域:
- 医疗保健技术 技术 医疗保健 技术
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 健康 公平 卫生 公平
背景情况:
- 健康不平等仍然是医疗保健的一个主要挑战.
- 初级保健是关键的接入点,可以延续差异.
- 人工智能 (AI) 为健康不平等提供了潜在的解决方案.
研究的目的:
- 审查初级保健中人工智能应用,以减少健康不平等.
- 确定公平实施人工智能的机会和障碍.
主要方法:
- 按照PRISMA-ScR指南进行系统叙事审查.
- 在七个电子数据库中搜索了2020-2024年的文学作品.
- 综合了来自52项符合纳入标准的研究的数据.
主要成果:
- 人工智能应用有希望:高血压的风险分层,农村地区的远程医疗,非母语人士的NLP.
- 挑战包括算法偏见,数字沟和非代表性数据集.
- 成功实施需要共同设计,偏见缓解和数字素养计划.
结论:
- 人工智能对初级保健中的健康公平具有变革性的潜力.
- 优先考虑以公平为中心的AI开发,多样化的结果研究和负责任的政策.
- 减轻过度诊断和排斥等意外后果,以防止加剧差距.
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