使用基于生活方式和体力活动的机器学习预测阿尔茨海默病的死亡风险
Ruihong Tang1,2, Liang Tan3, Xia Chen4
1Hunan First Normal University, Changsha, China.
Scientific reports
|July 24, 2025
概括
机器学习模型,特别是随机生存森林,可以使用生活方式和体力活动数据预测阿尔茨海默病的死亡风险. 这些先进的方法比传统的个性化护理模式提供了更好的准确性.
科学领域:
- 老年学和计算生物学
- 神经退行性疾病研究
- 公共卫生和预测分析.
背景情况:
- 阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 是一种进展性神经退行性疾病,对患者的生存有重大影响.
- 准确的预后工具对于管理AD至关重要,但生活方式和体力活动对死亡率预测的影响还未得到充分研究.
- 识别可修改的风险因素是个性化护理和AD的公共卫生战略的关键.
研究的目的:
- 利用机器学习 (ML) 技术预测阿尔茨海默病患者的死亡风险.
- 研究生活方式因素和体力活动水平对阿尔茨海默病死亡率预测的影响.
- 通过改进风险分层,加强个性化护理策略,并为公共卫生政策提供信息.
主要方法:
- 来自国家健康和营养检查调查 (NHANES,2007-2020) 的53,231名参与者的数据分析.
- 根据使用患者健康问卷-9分数的阿尔茨海默病症状严重程度对参与者的分层.
- 开发和验证随机生存森林 (RSF) 和Cox比例危险模型,使用曲线下的综合面积 (iAUC),综合布莱尔得分/预测错误 (iBS/PE) 和一致性指数 (C-index) 进行评估.
主要成果:
- 与考克斯模型相比,随机生存森林 (RSF) 模型显示出更高的预测准确性和校准性.
- 在没有症状的训练队列中,RSF实现了0.781的IAUC,0.150的IBS/PE,0.785的C指数.
- 生活方式和体力活动水平被确定为阿尔茨海默病患者死亡风险的重要预测因素.
结论:
- 机器学习算法,特别是RSF,有效地预测阿尔茨海默病患者的死亡风险,优于传统模型.
- 将生活方式和体力活动数据纳入ML框架显著改善了针对性干预的风险分层.
- 建议在不同人群中进行进一步的外部验证,以建立这些预测模型的更广泛的适用性.
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