概念知识越来越多地支持情感理解,因为感知贡献随着年龄的增长而下降
Shuran Huang1, Seth D Pollak2, Wanze Xie3,4,5
1School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
Nature communications
|July 24, 2025
概括
孩子 孩子 孩子 孩子
科学领域:
- 发展心理学是发展心理学.
- 认知神经科学是一种认知神经科学.
- 社会的认知社会认知.
背景情况:
- 了解他人的情绪对于社会互动至关重要.
- 情绪理解的发展轨迹和潜在机制尚未完全理解.
- 这项研究调查了感知和概念过程在儿童发展情感理解中的整合.
研究的目的:
- 检查面部配置的感知歧视和关于情绪的概念知识在童年期间如何整合.
- 确定面部视觉处理和抽象情感知识之间的发展相互作用.
- 阐明支持心理技能理论出现的机制.
主要方法:
- 利用脑电图 (EEG) 频率标记来测量面部配置的自发感知歧视 (研究1).
- 使用概念相似度评分任务 (研究2) 评估了对情绪的概念知识.
- 采用行为分类和匹配任务来评估儿童的情感理解 (研究3) 和表示相似性分析来链接感知和概念数据.
主要成果:
- 学前儿童可以区分刻板的面部配置,但这种能力对情感理解的影响随着年龄的增长而减少.
- 随着年龄的增长,儿童越来越依赖概念知识来推断情感.
- 情感理解的感知和概念组成部分在整个童年发展和整合的方式不同.
结论:
- 儿童对情感的理解从主要由感知驱动的转变为由知识驱动的.
- 随着年龄和社会经验,概念知识在解释他人的情绪方面发挥着越来越重要的作用.
- 这种发育转变凸显了社会认知中感官处理和抽象推理之间的动态相互作用.
相关概念视频
Factors Affecting Perception
1.9K
Perception is influenced by perceptual set, context, motivation, and emotion. Perceptual set, or perceptual expectancy, refers to the tendency to perceive things in a particular way, influenced by previous experiences and expectations. This phenomenon affects the interpretation of stimuli, creating a set of mental tendencies and assumptions that impact sensory perceptions of sound, taste, touch, and sight.
An illustrative example of a perceptual set is the scenario where an airline pilot told...
An illustrative example of a perceptual set is the scenario where an airline pilot told...
1.9K
Cognitive Theories: Schachter-Singer Theory of Emotion
595
Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer proposed the two-factor theory of emotion, which emphasizes the interplay between physiological arousal and cognitive labeling in forming emotional experiences. This theory suggests that emotions are not simply a result of physiological responses but rather a combination of these responses and the individual's cognitive interpretation of them.
Physiological Arousal and Cognitive Labeling
According to this theory, when an individual experiences...
Physiological Arousal and Cognitive Labeling
According to this theory, when an individual experiences...
595
Perception
581
Perception is a fundamental psychological process that enables individuals to organize, interpret, and consciously experience sensory information. This process is crucial for understanding and interacting with the world around us. It includes both bottom-up and top-down processing, each playing a distinct role in how we perceive our environment.
Bottom-up processing begins at the sensory level, where receptors detect external environmental stimuli. These could include the tactile sensation of...
Bottom-up processing begins at the sensory level, where receptors detect external environmental stimuli. These could include the tactile sensation of...
581
Empathy
9.7K
Some researchers suggest that altruism operates on empathy. Empathy is the capacity to understand another person’s perspective, to feel what he or she feels. An empathetic person makes an emotional connection with others and feels compelled to help (Batson, 1991). Empathy can be expressed in several ways, including cognitive, affective, and motor.
9.7K
Cognitive Theories: Lazarus Mediational Theory of Emotion
1.2K
Richard Lazarus' cognitive mediational theory highlights the pivotal role of cognitive appraisal in shaping emotional responses. According to this theory, the evaluation of a stimulus — based on personal values, goals, beliefs, and expectations — mediates the emotional response. This appraisal process is immediate and often occurs unconsciously, influencing the intensity and nature of the resulting emotion.
Cognitive Appraisal and Emotional Response
Lazarus proposed that...
Cognitive Appraisal and Emotional Response
Lazarus proposed that...
1.2K
Cognitive Development During Adolescence
136
During adolescence, individuals experience significant cognitive development that enhances their understanding of others' emotions and thoughts, known as cognitive empathy. This period is marked by an increased ability to adapt to others' perspectives and a more nuanced understanding of others' mental states, a skill that is foundational for social problem-solving and conflict avoidance. The development of cognitive empathy relies heavily on the theory of mind — the...
136


