个性化联合学习用于预测多发性硬化症中的残疾进展,使用现实世界的常规临床数据
Ashkan Pirmani1,2,3,4, Edward De Brouwer1, Ádám Arany1
1STADIUS, ESAT, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
NPJ digital medicine
|July 24, 2025
概括
个性化联合学习改善了对多发性硬化症残疾进展的预测. 这种保护隐私的方法使模型适应本地数据,优于早期患者干预的标准方法.
科学领域:
- 人工智能的人工智能
- 计算神经科学是一种神经科学.
- 临床信息学 临床信息学
背景情况:
- 预测多发性硬化症 (MS) 的残疾进展对于治疗至关重要,但仍然具有挑战性.
- 现有的联合学习 (FL) 方法由于机构间的数据异质性而面临局限性.
- 隐私意识的协作建模对于利用多中心患者数据至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 系统地评估个性化联合学习 (PFL) 以预测2年的MS残疾进展.
- 评估PFL在多中心真实世界MS数据集中克服数据异质性的有效性.
- 将PFL策略与传统FL和集中式方法进行比较.
主要方法:
- 利用来自26000多名多发性硬化症患者的多中心真实世界数据.
- 实施和评估了两个PFL策略:适应式双分支网络和个性化微调.
- 与基线FL,集中模型和客户特定模型对比PFL性能.
主要成果:
- 与基线FL相比,个性化联合学习显著改善了预测性能.
- 个性化的FedProx和FedAVG实现了高预测准确度 (ROC-AUC~0.84).
- 在保持隐私的同时,PFL方法有效地解决了数据异质性的挑战.
结论:
- 个性化对于开发可扩展,隐私意识的MS临床预测模型至关重要.
- PFL显示了改善多发性硬化症早期干预策略的巨大潜力.
- 这种方法可以扩展到其他复杂的神经疾病和临床预测任务.
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