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相关概念视频

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

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The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
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The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:04

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The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael...
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Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...
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聚电解质植入的合体执行器的自我一致的现场描述.

Eleonora Foschino1, Irene E Hulsen1, Alessandro Ianiro2,3

  • 1Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands. r.tuinier@tue.nl.

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概括

这项研究模拟了使用pH响应性聚合物的人造肌肉组织执行器. 研究表明,显著的体积变化和工作输出,通过盐度可调节的启动,以实现生物相容性.

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科学领域:

  • 材料科学 材料科学 材料科学
  • 聚合物化学 聚合物化学
  • 软物质物理学 软物质物理学

背景情况:

  • 人工肌肉执行器对于软机器人和生物医学设备至关重要.
  • 响应pH的多电解质提供了可控执行的潜力.
  • 之前的模型没有具体包含pH触发扩张机制.

研究的目的:

  • 在原型人工肌肉组织中理论描述执行器.
  • 为了研究pH值变化对基于多电解质的执行器的影响.
  • 为了探索使用盐度的调执行特性.

主要方法:

  • 采用了一种自我一致的 (平均场) 格子计算方案.
  • 该模型包含了在状颗粒之间移植的pH响应的多电解质.
  • 包括弱酸性单体来模拟pH触发的膨胀.

主要成果:

  • 由强聚电解质组成的执行器会产生几十个MPa的压力差异.
  • 该系统显示的体积变化大约是聚合物轮长度的三分之一.
  • 每个聚合物链的工作输出约为100kT.
  • 盐度有效调整弱电荷的多电解质的启动pH范围.

结论:

  • 该理论模型成功地描述了对pH反应的人工肌肉执行器.
  • 可以实现显著的执行压力和体积变化.
  • 盐度提供了一种可行的方法来调整到生物相容的pH值范围.