人工智能用于防治结核病:对公共卫生中的应用进行范围审查
Sonia Menon1,2, Kobto Ghislain Koura1,3
1International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France.
Journal of global health
|July 25, 2025
概括
人工智能 (AI) 可以显著改善全球结核病 (TB) 控制. 人工智能增强了诊断,病例发现和趋势预测,为结核病管理提供了新的希望,特别是在资源不足的环境中.
科学领域:
- 全球健康 全球健康
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 结核病 (TB) 仍然是一个重大的全球卫生挑战,特别是在低收入和中等收入国家.
- 在高负担地区的诊断能力有限,阻碍了有效的结核病控制.
- 人工智能 (AI) 为改善疾病诊断和管理提供了潜在的解决方案.
研究的目的:
- 进行范围审查,检查AI在结核病 (TB) 控制中的潜在应用.
- 确定人工智能可以影响结核病诊断,治疗和监测的关键领域.
- 评估人工智能是否准备好融入国家结核病计划.
主要方法:
- 在PubMed数据库中对过去五年发表的研究进行了全面的搜索.
- 与人工智能和结核病相关的关键词被用来确定相关的实验室和观察性研究.
- 包括专注于结核病控制人工智能应用的符合条件的研究,不包括非原始研究.
主要成果:
- 三十四项研究符合条件,突出了结核病控制中的AI的八个方面:活跃病例发现 (ACF),分类,多流血诊断,多药耐药 (MDR) 结核病,差异诊断,同时感染管理 (TB / NCD),治疗结果预测和趋势预测.
- 人工智能在诊断腹腔液,区分结核病与其他疾病以及预测治疗成功方面表现出高准确度.
- 人工智能驱动的热点映射和预测建模显示,有望识别未被诊断的结核病例并改善MDR-TB管理.
结论:
- 人工智能具有显著的潜力,可以在国家结核病计划中加强结核病诊断,监测和趋势跟踪.
- 人工智能应用可以帮助减少结核病传播,并在资源有限的环境中支持结核病护理.
- 大规模验证至关重要,以确保人工智能模型对高风险人群的实际应用.
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