水生生物中的微塑料毒性跨了全系遗传学
Nilanjan Hari Chatterjee1, Sourav Das1, Abhigyan Choudhury1
1Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700019, India.
Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands)
|July 25, 2025
概括
微塑料 (MP) 污染对所有主要动物群体的水生生物造成伤害. 这次审查首次详细介绍了MP的毒性,包括污染物载体的影响,跨越各种水生物种类型.
科学领域:
- 环境毒理学环境毒理学
- 生态毒理学 生态毒理学
- 水生生物学 水生生物学
背景情况:
- 微塑料 (MP) 污染对全球水生生态系统构成越来越大的威胁.
- MPs在无脊椎动物到脊椎动物的水生生物中积聚,造成显著的毒理影响.
- 以前的研究集中在MP的分布,特征和在特定物种或环境中的生物积累上.
研究的目的:
- 提供对水生生物中微塑料暴露的毒理结果的综合性,跨类评估.
- 收集各种水生物种类型,包括无脊椎动物和脊椎动物,对MP诱导的有毒反应的证据.
- 突出MPs作为异生菌和病原体的载体的作用,放大其生态风险.
主要方法:
- 对水生生物体中微塑料毒性的现有文献进行系统审查.
- 对不同水生类类型 (无脊椎动物,原带动物,带动物) 的毒理效应进行基因组学分析.
- 在不同物种中对MP毒性和污染物载体影响进行比较分析,考虑进化毒理学的观点.
主要成果:
- 微塑料会引起一系列的毒性影响,包括基因毒性,生殖毒性,行为改变和水生元动物的氧化应激.
- 国会议员作为有害的异生菌和致病微生物的重要载体,增加了毒性风险.
- 该审查提出了一个整体的,跨家族对MP毒性的理解,与之前的单一家族重点审查不同.
结论:
- 微塑料污染对水生生态系统构成了严重的,多方面的威胁,影响了整个基因谱的生物.
- 了解跨类的MP毒性对于有效的生态系统健康评估和保护策略至关重要.
- 本次审查为未来对水生微塑料毒理学和进化影响的研究建立了基础性的跨系知识基础.
更多相关视频
05:31Sampling, Sorting, and Characterizing Microplastics in Aquatic Environments with High Suspended Sediment Loads and Large Floating Debris
Published on: July 28, 2018
16.2K
08:11Ecotoxicological Effects of Microplastics on Bird Embryo Development by Hatching without Eggshell
Published on: August 14, 2021
4.6K
相关概念视频
01:23Toxicity Testing in Animals
Toxicity tests in animals are grounded on two main assumptions: first, the effects observed in laboratory animals can be extrapolated to humans, especially when adjusted for body surface area; second, high-dose exposure in animals is essential to identify potential human hazards from lower doses. This is based on the quantal dose-response concept, which faces the challenge of extrapolating results from relatively few test animals to much larger human populations. For example, a 0.01% incidence...
01:28Microbial Phylogeny
Understanding the evolutionary relationships among microorganisms is fundamental to microbial ecology and taxonomy. Phylogenetic trees are essential tools for inferring these relationships, relying primarily on comparative analyses of molecular sequences such as DNA, RNA, or proteins. In microbial studies, these trees typically depict the evolutionary paths of diverse bacterial and archaeal species by mapping genetic differences accumulated over time.Phylogenetic trees are composed of tips,...
01:30Marine Microbial Ecology
Marine microbial ecosystems are shaped by distinct physicochemical limits, including high salinity, low nutrient availability, and fluctuating oxygen levels. These conditions favor smaller microbial cell sizes, which maximize their surface-to-volume ratio for efficient nutrient uptake.Microbial activity and community composition are closely linked to biogeochemical cycles, particularly in dynamic environments like estuaries, where halotolerant microbes thrive in response to variable salinity...
01:24Freshwater Microbial Ecology
Freshwater systems such as streams, rivers, and lakes exhibit distinct physical and biological characteristics that influence their microbial communities. These environments are broadly categorized into lotic systems—those with flowing waters like streams and most rivers—and lentic systems, which include still or slow-moving waters such as lakes, ponds, and marshes.In lentic systems, phytoplankton drive primary production, generating autochthonous organic carbon. In contrast, lotic systems...
01:30Microbial Wastewater Treatment
Microbial communities in aquatic ecosystems play a key role in the natural breakdown of contaminants introduced through domestic and industrial effluents. Acting as biological catalysts, these microbes change and mineralize a wide range of organic and inorganic pollutants under different redox conditions.In oxygen-rich surface waters, aerobic heterotrophs lead organic matter breakdown, using oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor to efficiently oxidize substrates to carbon dioxide and water.
01:28Microbial Bioremediation of Plastics
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a synthetic polymer widely utilized in the packaging industry, particularly for bottles and containers. Due to its chemical stability and durability, PET accumulates in the environment, contributing significantly to plastic pollution. It comprises repeating units of terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol, resulting in a semi-crystalline structure that is resistant to natural degradation processes.A notable breakthrough in plastic biodegradation came with the...